Xayar County
Xayar County
Shayar, Shaya | |
|---|---|
Huyanglin Nature Reserve | |
Location of Shayar County (red) within Aksu Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang | |
Xayar County Location of the seat Xayar County Xayar County (China) | |
| Coordinates: 41°13′48″N 82°48′21″E / 41.23000°N 82.80583°E | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Prefecture | Aksu |
| Established date | 1902[1][2][3] |
| County seat | Xayar Town (Shayar, Shaya)[3] |
| Area | |
• Total | 31,887.28 km2 (12,311.75 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[5] | |
• Total | 278,516 |
| • Density | 8.73439/km2 (22.6220/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | |
| • Major ethnic groups | Uyghur[6] |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Postal code | 842200 |
| Website | www |
| Xayar County | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur | شايار ناھىيىسى | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 沙雅县 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 沙雅縣 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Xayar County,[7][8][9][10] also Shayar County[11][12][13][14] or, from Mandarin Chinese, Shaya,[15] is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aqsu Prefecture. It contains an area of 31,868 km2 (12,304 sq mi). According to the 2004 census it has a population of 210,000.
History
In 1902, Xayar County was established.[1][2][3]
In March 1964, Tarim Farm (塔里木农场) was founded. In 1970, Tarim Farm was renamed Nong Yi Shi 15th Regiment (农一师十五团). In 1973, Nong Yi Shi 15th Regiment was renamed Third Laogai Detachment (第三劳改支队).[16] As of 1982, the prison had a cotton processing factory.[17]: 43 In 1985, Third Laogai Detachment was renamed Tarim Laogai Detachment (塔里木劳改支队). In 1994, Tarim Laogai Detachment was renamed Tarim Prison (塔里木监狱).[16]
On July 15, 1996, a prison rebellion in Xayar County led to the deaths of fifteen.[18]
In 1998, Tarim Prison was renamed Xayar Prison (沙雅监狱).[16]
In June 2008, Gezqum Township (Gaizikumu) was established. On December 30, 2008, the township's government started operation.[3]
In 2011, Yantaqsheher Township (Yangtakexiehai'er) was established.[3]
In 2012, Xadadong (Hadedun) was established. On February 25, 2013, the town's government started operation.[3]
On May 26, 2014, Gulbagh (Gulebage), then a township, was made a town.[3]
Administrative divisions
Xayar County included seven towns, four townships and four other areas:[3][4][19]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | |||||||
| Xayar Town | 沙雅镇 | Shāyǎ Zhèn | شايار بازىرى | shayar baziri | 652924100 | ||
| Toyboldi Town[20] | 托依堡勒迪镇 | Tuōyībǎolèdí Zhèn | تويبولدى بازىرى | toyboldi baziri | 652924101 | formerly Toyboldi Township (托依堡勒迪乡) | |
| Qizilbayraq Town | 红旗镇 | Hóngqí Zhèn | قىزىلبايراق بازىرى | qizilbayraq baziri | 652924102 | formerly Toyboldi Township (红旗乡) | |
| Yengimehelle Town[14] | 英买里镇 | Yīngmǎilì Zhèn | يېڭىمەھەللە بازىرى | yëngimehelle baziri | 652924103 | formerly Yengimehelle Township (英买里乡) | |
| Xadadong Town | 哈德墩镇 | Hādédūn Zhèn | خادادۆڭ بازىرى | xadadöng baziri | 652924104 | ||
| Gülbag Town[20] | 古勒巴格镇 | Gǔlèbāgé Zhèn | گۈلباغ بازىرى | gülbagh baziri | 652924105 | formerly Gülbag Township (古勒巴格乡) | |
| Qaylor | 海楼镇 | Hǎilóu Zhèn | قايلور بازىرى | qaylor baziri | 652924106 | formerly Qaylor Township (海楼乡) | |
| Townships | |||||||
| Nurbagh Township | 努尔巴格乡 | Nǔ'ěrbāgé Xiāng | نۇرباغ يېزىسى | nurbagh yëzisi | 652924205 | ||
| Tarim Township | 塔里木乡 | Tǎlǐmù Xiāng | تارىم يېزىسى | tarim yëzisi | 652924206 | ||
| Gezqum Township | 盖孜库木乡 | Gàizīkùmù Xiāng | گەزقۇم يېزىسى | gezqum yëzisi | 652924207 | ||
| Yantaqsheher Township | 央塔克协海尔乡 | Yāngtǎkèxiéhǎi'ěr Xiāng | يانتاقشەھەر يېزىسى | yantaqsheher yëzisi | 652924208 | ||
Other areas: Xinken Farm (新垦农场), No. 2 Pasture (二牧场), Xayar Prison[17]: 42 (Xinjiang Shaya Prison,[17]: 64 沙雅监狱), Xayar County Industrial Zone (沙雅县工业集中区).
Climate
| Climate data for Xayar, elevation 983 m (3,225 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
18.1 (64.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
35.8 (96.4) |
36.4 (97.5) |
38.9 (102.0) |
40.5 (104.9) |
41.2 (106.2) |
36.1 (97.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
6.5 (43.7) |
15.4 (59.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.1 (91.6) |
31.9 (89.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
10.7 (51.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
19.2 (66.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.8 (19.8) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
11.8 (53.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12.0 (10.4) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.5 (56.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −24.2 (−11.6) |
−22.9 (−9.2) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
2.2 (36.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
−22.6 (−8.7) |
−24.2 (−11.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.3 (0.05) |
2.3 (0.09) |
0.6 (0.02) |
3.5 (0.14) |
5.4 (0.21) |
12.7 (0.50) |
10.2 (0.40) |
11.2 (0.44) |
6.3 (0.25) |
2.3 (0.09) |
3.7 (0.15) |
1.3 (0.05) |
60.8 (2.39) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.0 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 30.9 |
| Average snowy days | 4.4 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 4.6 | 11.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 53 | 39 | 34 | 35 | 41 | 46 | 49 | 51 | 55 | 58 | 68 | 50 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 187.2 | 197.7 | 227.8 | 249.5 | 288.7 | 294.5 | 304.3 | 283.7 | 267.8 | 260.7 | 208.1 | 172.2 | 2,942.2 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 63 | 65 | 61 | 62 | 64 | 65 | 67 | 68 | 73 | 78 | 72 | 60 | 67 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[21][22]all-time February high[23] | |||||||||||||
Economy
Agriculture and animal husbandry are equally strong in the county. Agricultural products include wheat, corn and cotton as well as melons, yema (野麻), walnut, velvet antler, muskrat, and licorice root. The county is the main location for Sanbei Sheep (三北羊) lambskin production. Industries include knitting, leather making, food processing and others.[2]
The seven major speciality products of the county include Tarim Huyang, cotton, red deer, dates, Karakul sheep, salt cedar, and sword-leaf dogbane.[4]
As of 1885, there was about 45,900 acres (303,747 mu) of cultivated land in Xayar.[24]
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 202,992 | — |
| 2010 | 257,502 | +2.41% |
| [3] | ||
As of 2015, 230,129 of the 274,382 residents of the county were Uyghur, 41,463 were Han Chinese and 2,790 were from other ethnic groups.[25]
Most residents of Xayar are Muslim Uyghurs.[6]
As of 1999, 84.05% of the population of Xayar (Shaya) County was Uyghur and 14.6% of the population was Han Chinese.[26]
Transportation
Historical maps
Historical English-language maps including Xayar:
-
Map including Xayar (labeled as Shahyar) (1917)
-
-
Map including Xayar (DMA, 1981)
-
Notes
- ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
- ^ From map: "THE DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES ON THIS MAP MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
- ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Xayar County.
- ^ a b 沙雅县史志办 (1 October 2011). 行政区划 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 2 June 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2020 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c d 夏征农; 陈至立, eds. (September 2009). 辞海：第六版彩图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). 上海. Shanghai: 上海辞书出版社. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 1954. ISBN 978-7-5326-2859-9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j 沙雅县历史沿革 [Xayar County Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 30 January 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
2010年第六次人口普查，沙雅县常住总人口257502人，其中：沙雅镇51806人，托依堡勒迪镇42227人，红旗镇31736人，英买力镇43151人，古勒巴格乡28795人，海楼乡23198人，努尔巴格乡10952人，塔里木乡6940人，盖孜库木乡8827人，新垦农场1684人，一牧场1849人，二牧场1528人，沙雅监狱4429人，沙雅县工业集中380人。2011年，设立央塔克协海尔乡。2012年，设立哈德墩镇（镇政府于2013年2月25日正式挂牌成立）。2014年5月26日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]80号）批复同意撤销古勒巴格乡，设立古勒巴格镇。至此，全县辖6个镇、5个乡。
- ^ a b c 沙雅简介. شايار 沙雅县人民政府 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
辖7镇4乡1管委会，169个村（社区），
- ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ a b "A poplar destination: Xayar County". China Internet Information Center. 11 November 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
Most Xayar residents are Muslim Uygurs, and they like to sit in the market on folding chairs, watching soap operas in the Uygur language on TV.
- ^ ZX, ed. (26 September 2019). "Pic story: oil workers at Shunbei oil-gas field in China's Xinjiang". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
Oil workers have a morning meeting at Shunbei oil-gas field of China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec Group) in Xayar County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Sept. 25, 2019.
- ^ Ted Regencia (25 October 2019). "Communist loyalty no shield for Uighurs from Chinese detention". Aljazeera.com. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
Uighurs work at a roadside in Xayar County east of the city of Aksu in Xinjiang last September
- ^ &Diacritics=DC Xayar (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ Complete Atlas Of The World (3rd ed.). Penguin Random House. 2016. p. 238 – via Internet Archive.
Xayar
- ^ The official spelling is "Shayar" according to 中国地名录. Beijing: SinoMaps Press. 1997. p. 313. ISBN 7-5031-1718-4.
- ^ "Even in death, Uighurs feel long reach of Chinese state". France 24. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
In just two years, dozens of cemeteries have been destroyed in the northwest region, according to an AFP investigation with satellite imagery analysts Earthrise Alliance.
Some of the graves were cleared with little care -- in Shayar county, AFP journalists saw unearthed human bones left discarded in three sites. - ^ Eva Xiao; Pak Yiu (11 October 2019). "China disturbs even the Uighur dead in 'development' of Xinjiang". The Japan Times. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
Some of the graves were cleared with little care — in Shayar County, journalists saw unearthed human bones left discarded at three sites.
- ^ a b Shohret Hoshur; Roseanne Gerin (16 April 2015). "Police Conduct Raids in Xinjiang a Year After Flag Burning at Mosque". Radio Free Asia. Translated by Shohret Hoshur. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ^ "China dissident lawyer Gao Zhisheng 'in Xinjiang jail'". BBC. 2 January 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
Gao Zhiyi said he planned to visit his brother in the Shaya County jail in the western prefecture of Aksu later this month.
- ^ a b c Tang Yaozeng 汤耀增 (15 January 2019). 55年的滋养，塔里木农场的胡杨在沙雅监狱蓬勃向上 (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 12 September 2020.
- ^ a b c Han Lianchao (August 2019). Cotton: The Fabric Full of Lies. Citizen Power Initiatives for China.
- ^ J. Todd Reed; Diana Raschke (2010). The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat. Praeger Publishing. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-313-36540-9 – via Google Books.
On 15 July 1996, the "Eastern Turkistan Islamic Justice Party" engineered a prison rebellion in Xayar County, killing 15 people
- ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：沙雅县 [2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Xayar County] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
统计用区划代码 名称 652924100000 沙雅镇 652924101000 托依堡勒迪镇 652924102000 红旗镇 652924103000 英买力镇 652924104000 沙雅县哈德墩镇 652924105000 古勒巴格镇 652924106000 海楼镇 652924205000 努尔巴格乡 652924206000 塔里木乡 652924207000 盖孜库木乡 652924208000 央塔克协海尔乡 652924400000 新垦农场 652924402000 二牧场 652924403000 沙雅监狱 652924404000 沙雅县工业集中区
- ^ a b Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠 (2003). 地名中的新疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Press. p. 172. ISBN 7-228-08004-1.
托依堡勒迪 Toyboldi {...}
古勒巴格 Gülbag {...} - ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Sina Visitor System" 【气温大幅波动】今天有116个站点打破2月最高气温纪录，有10个站点追平2月最高纪录。分布在天津、河北、河南、山东、山西、内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、四川、甘肃、新疆。大城市有：天津西青23.6℃、吉林长春15.3℃。河南获嘉29.6℃，河北沙河29.1℃，接近30℃，2月如此暖热，很罕见。 今天有14个省会首府直辖市气温创今年新高（℃）：哈尔滨10.9、长春15.3、沈阳14、北京19.8、天津西青23.6、石家庄26、济南23.4、郑州27.7、武汉23.5、合肥23.9、南京23.3、上海徐家汇22.7、重庆沙坪坝25、成都温江22.2℃。哈尔滨为今年首次上10℃，石家庄和重庆为今年首次上25℃。 未来2天，东北华北黄淮江淮，气温将大幅下降。最高气温降幅可达10-20℃，局地超20℃。对比21日和23日最高，长春2天降21℃！哈尔滨2天降18℃、石家庄2天降17℃、天津2天降16℃、郑州2天降16℃。总体来看，南方的降温弱于北方，因此四川盆地到江南多地的入春进程并不会被打断，春天已经来了。 另外海南完全不受到冷空气影响，海口的夏天也应该开始了。今晚中央气象台继续发布寒潮蓝色预警，2月23日最低温度0℃线将南压到黄淮东部、华北南部至陕西南部一带。本轮降温后，25日前后，东北一带气温快速回升，哈尔滨和长春最高气温重返0℃以上，单日升温就可能达到10℃。 (in Simplified Chinese). weatherman_信欣 on Weibo. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
{{cite web}}: line feed character in|script-title=at position 151 (help) - ^ Herold J. Wiens (November 1966). "Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia". The Journal of Asian Studies. 26 (1): 75. doi:10.2307/2051832. JSTOR 2051832. S2CID 162339064.
- ^ 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Simplified Chinese). شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
- ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.