Wender Utah Rating Scale

The Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) is a psychological assessment tool used to help diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. It is a self-report questionnaire that asks individuals to retrospectively recall and rate the frequency and severity of symptoms they experienced during childhood that are characteristic of ADHD.[1][2] The assessment was released in 1993 after being developed by Paul H. Wender and his colleagues at the University of Utah School of Medicine.[1][2][3]

Versions

The WURS exists in two main versions:[2][3][4]

  • WURS-61: The original 61-item version, which covers a wider range of symptoms and potential confounding factors.
  • WURS-25: A shorter 25-item version designed for increased efficiency and ease of administration.

Translations

The WURS-61 and the condensed WURS-25 have been translated into several languages, including French, Italian, Spanish, Bulgarian, Swedish, Chinese, Turkish, and Persian.[5][6]

In 2002, a modified German short form of the WURS, WURS‑K (Kurzversion; also WURS‑G) was released. This 21-item scale shares 17 items with the WURS-25.[5][6][7]

Scoring

The Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) scores the same set of 25 questions in both the abbreviated version (WURS-25) and the extended version (WURS-61), which includes an additional 36 unscored questions. Respondents rate each question on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 0 points ("not at all or very slightly") to 4 points ("very much"). The cumulative score spans from 0 to 100. A cutoff score of 36 or higher was able to accurately identify 96% of adults with ADHD and 96% of adults without ADHD. When the cutoff score was raised to 46 or higher, the assessment was able to accurately identify 86% of adults with ADHD and 99% of adults without ADHD.[1][4]

For the German short form (WURS-K), a cutoff score of 30 or higher is typically used to indicate a childhood history of ADHD symptoms, demonstrating a retest reliability of 90%. While the WURS-K and WURS-25 are highly correlated, research indicates that their cutoff scores are not directly interchangeable due to the WURS-K containing fewer items and focusing more on antisocial behavior compared to the mood and self-esteem factors found in the WURS-25.[5][6][7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Ward MF, Wender PH, Reimherr FW (June 1993). "The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 150 (6): 885–90. doi:10.1176/ajp.150.6.885. PMID 8494063.
  2. ^ a b c Gift TE, Reimherr ML, Marchant BK, Steans TA, Reimherr FW (March 2021). "Wender Utah Rating Scale: Psychometrics, clinical utility and implications regarding the elements of ADHD". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 135: 181–188. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.013. PMID 33493947.
  3. ^ a b Das, Dibash (28 April 2020). "Study Supports Using WURS and ASRS Jointly to Assess Adult ADHD". Psychiatry Advisor. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  4. ^ a b Brevik EJ, Lundervold AJ, Haavik J, Posserud MB (June 2020). "Validity and accuracy of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) symptom checklists in discriminating between adults with and without ADHD". Brain and Behavior. 10 (6): e01605. doi:10.1002/brb3.1605. PMC 7303368. PMID 32285644.
  5. ^ a b c Caci H, Didier C, Wynchank D (October 2023). "Retrospective diagnosis of childhood ADHD using the Wender Utah Rating Scale". L'Encephale. 49 (5): 481–488. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2022.05.009. PMID 35987714.
  6. ^ a b c Caci HM, Bouchez J, Baylé FJ (2010). "An aid for diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder at adulthood: psychometric properties of the French versions of two Wender Utah Rating Scales (WURS-25 and WURS-K)". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 51 (3): 325–31. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.05.006. PMID 20399344.
  7. ^ a b Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Blocher D, Weijers HG, Trott GE, Wender PH, Rösler M (September 2002). "Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-K) Die deutsche Kurzform zur retrospektiven Erfassung des hyperkinetischen Syndroms bei Erwachsenen" [Wender Utah rating scale. The short-version for the assessment of the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults]. Der Nervenarzt (in German). 73 (9): 830–838. doi:10.1007/s00115-001-1215-x. PMID 12215873.
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