Late Miocene
| System/ Period |
Series/ Epoch |
Stage/ Age |
Age (Ma) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Gelasian | younger | |
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | 3.600 |
| Zanclean | 3.600 | 5.333 | ||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | 7.246 | |
| Tortonian | 7.246 | 11.63 | ||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | 13.82 | ||
| Langhian | 13.82 | 15.97 | ||
| Burdigalian | 15.97 | 20.44 | ||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | 23.03 | ||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | older | |
| Subdivision of the Neogene Period according to the ICS, as of 2017[1] | ||||
The Late Miocene (also known as Upper Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch made up of two stages: the Tortonian and Messinian. It lasted from 11.63 Ma (million years ago) to 5.333 Ma.
Biology
The gibbons (family Hylobatidae) and orangutans (genus Pongo) were the first groups to split from the line leading to the hominins, including humans, then gorillas (genus Gorilla), and finally chimpanzees and bonobos (genus Pan). The splitting date between hominin and chimpanzee lineages is placed by some between 4 and 8 million years ago, that is, during the Late Miocene.[2][3][4][5]
In the Iberian Peninsula, the diversity of grazers increased while the diversity of browsers decline concomitantly with increasing aridity. Felids and canids also increased their diversity in this region at this time.[6]
References
- ^ "ICS Timescale Chart". stratigraphy.org.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2004). The ancestor's tale : a pilgrimage to the dawn of evolution. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-00583-8. OCLC 56617123.
- ^ "Find Time of Divergence: Hominidae versus Hylobatidae". TimeTree. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
- ^ Ruvolo, M. (October 1997). "Genetic Diversity in Hominoid Primates". Annual Review of Anthropology. 26: 515–540. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.515. ISSN 0084-6570.
- ^ Ruvolo, M. (March 1997). "Molecular Phylogeny of the Hominoids: Inferences from Multiple Independent DNA Sequence Data Sets". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14 (3): 248–265. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025761. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 9066793.
- ^ Nascimento, João C. S.; Blanco, Fernando; Domingo, M. Soledad; Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Pires, Mathias M. (June 2024). "The reorganization of predator–prey networks over 20 million years explains extinction patterns of mammalian carnivores". Ecology Letters. 27 (6). doi:10.1111/ele.14448. ISSN 1461-023X. Retrieved 13 March 2026 – via Wiley Online Library.
External links