Two Upholds

The "Two Upholds" (两个维护) is a Chinese Communist Party political slogan to reinforce general secretary Xi Jinping's rule.

Meaning

The Two Upholds are:[1][2][3]

  1. "Resolutely upholds General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core status as the core of the Party Central Committee and the entire Party."[a]
  2. "Resolutely upholds the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee."[b]

History

The slogan was first put forward by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in September 2018.[4]: 29  On January 31, 2019, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party published a statement and the liner notes referred to the "Two Upholds".[5][6] In August 2021, the CCP party magazine Qiushi published an article entitled "Resolutely Doing the Two Maintenance", emphasizing that "General Secretary Xi Jinping, as the core of the whole party and the leader of the people, has the support of all people, and we support him wholeheartedly. Resolutely doing the 'two safeguards' is a solid foundation for adhering to, developing and perfecting the new political party system."[7] The 20th National Congress of the CCP in 2022 passed an amendment to write the "Two Upholds" into the CCP constitution.[8][9]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ 坚决维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位
  2. ^ 坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导

References

  1. ^ Dotson, John. "The CCP's Renewed Focus on Ideological Conditioning, Part 2: The New Five-Year Plan for Training Party Cadres". China Brief. Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
  2. ^ "Cai Qi Leads Propaganda Ministers Conference". China Media Project. 2023-01-05. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
  3. ^ "两个确立和两个维护是什么意思？内容有哪些？" [What do the "two establishments" and "two maintenances" mean? What are their contents?]. Nongjiao. 18 October 2022. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
  4. ^ Tsang, Steve; Cheung, Olivia (2024). The Political Thought of Xi Jinping. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197689363.
  5. ^ "（受权发布）中共中央关于加强党的政治建设的意见-新华网" [(Authorized Release) Opinions of the CCP Central Committee on Strengthening the Party's Political Building]. Xinhua News Agency (in Chinese). 27 February 2019. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  6. ^ Qi, Weiping (23 July 2019). "为什么要坚决践行"两个维护"" [Why must we resolutely uphold the "Two Safeguards"?]. Qiushi (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 8 September 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  7. ^ Zhou, Hanmin (11 August 2021). "坚决做到"两个维护"" [Resolutely uphold the "Two Safeguards"]. Qiushi (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  8. ^ "Factbox: China's Communist Party amends its charter, strengthens Xi's power". Reuters. 2022-10-22. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  9. ^ Yang, Danxu (27 October 2022). "官媒发布中共新版党章 "两个确立"和"人民领袖"未被写入 | 联合早报" [State media reports that the new version of the CCP constitution does not include the "two establishments" and the term "people's leader".]. Lianhe Zaobao (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
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