Tonalism

Tonalism
James McNeill Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket, c. 1875; oil on panel; 60.3 × 46.4 cm
Years activefrom the 1880s into the early 20th century
LocationUnited States
Major figuresAlbert Pinkham Ryder, George Inness, John Henry Twachtman, James McNeill Whistler
InfluencesFrench Barbizon school, Hudson River School
InfluencedMilton Avery, the Color Field painters, the circle of artists around Alfred Stieglitz, and etchers like Edith Loring Getchell

Tonalism was an artistic style that emerged in the 1880s.

French origins

The French Barbizon school artists emphasized mood and shadow.[1] The movement was eventually eclipsed by Impressionism and European modernism.[2]

America

American artists began to paint landscape forms with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist. Between 1880 and 1915,[3] dark, neutral hues such as gray, brown or blue, often dominated compositions by artists associated with the style.[4]

During the late 1890s, American art critics began to use the term "tonal" to describe these works, as well as the lesser-known synonyms Quietism and Intimism.[5][6] Two of the leading associated painters were George Inness and James McNeill Whistler.[7]

Australia

Australian Tonalism emerged as an art movement in Melbourne during the 1910s when it was promoted as a method of 'scientific' realist painting by Max Meldrum through his art school.[8][9][10]

Britain

St Ives artists were the leading exponents of this style in British landscape painting.[11]

Canada

In Canada the movement emerged in the 1890s through the influence of the American, Whistler.[12]

Associated international artists

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "American Tonalism". Artsy. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  2. ^ Avery, Kevin J. & Fischer, Diane P. "American Tonalism: Selections from the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Montclair Art Museum ". Burlington Magazine, Vol. 142, No. 1168, July, 2000. p. 453.
  3. ^ Jones, Harvey (1995). Twilight and reverie : California tonalist painting, 1890-1930 (exhibition catalogue ed.). Laguna Beach, Calif: Oakland Museum, Oakland,.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  4. ^ "What is Tonalism? Tonalism Palette, Tonalism Definition". Tonalism. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  5. ^ Raynor, Vivien (1982-06-27). "ART; MOODY SCENES FROM TONALISTS". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  6. ^ "The Sublime Landscape". tfaoi.org. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  7. ^ "The 4 Most Important Names of Tonalism". Widewalls. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  8. ^ Queensland Art Gallery (1996). Max Meldrum and Melbourne Tonalism: Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty! (Exhibition catalogue ed.). Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery.
  9. ^ Perry, Peter W.; Perry, John R. (2023). Australian tonalism : the John and Peter Perry collection. Melbourne: Gunn and Taylor. ISBN 9780646869773.
  10. ^ Lock-Weir, Tracey (2008). Misty moderns: Australian tonalists 1915 - 1950 ; ....on the occasion of the touring exhibition of the same title, Art Gallery of South Australia, 15 August - 19. October 2008. Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia. ISBN 978-0-7308-3015-3.
  11. ^ Tovey, David (2008). Pioneers of St. Ives art at home and abroad (1889-1914). Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire: Wilson Books. ISBN 978-0-9538363-6-9.
  12. ^ Reid, Dennis R.; Burnett, David G. (1985). Painting in Canada. Reference series (Canada. Department of External Affairs), no. 66. Ottawa, Ont.,: General Publications Section, Dept. of External Affairs,. p. 9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
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