Secular Progressive Alliance
Secular Progressive Alliance | |
|---|---|
மதச்சார்பற்ற முற்போக்குக் கூட்டணி
Secular Progressive Alliance | |
| Abbreviation | SPA |
| Chairperson | |
| Founder | M. Karunanidhi |
| Founded | 20 January 2004 |
| Preceded by | DMK-led Alliance |
| Ideology | Big tent Factions: Social democracy[1] Secularism[2] Communism[3] Marxism[4] |
| Political position | Centre-left to left-wing |
| ECI Status | Not Required |
| Alliance | Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (National) |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 12 / 19 |
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 40 / 40 |
| Seats in State Legislative Assemblies | 158 / 234
(Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly) 12 / 33 (Puducherry Legislative Assembly) |
| Number of states and union territories in government | 1 / 31 |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Tamil Nadu |
|---|
Secular Progressive Alliance (SPA), formerly known as Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA), is an alliance of Indian political parties formed by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry.[5]
History
The alliance was known as the Democratic Progressive Alliance 2004–2009[6] and 2014–2016. It became the Secular Progressive Alliance in 2019.
Current members
Indian general elections
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004 | 2004 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, MDMK, CPI(M), CPI, CJP | 39 / 39
|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2013 | 2009 | DMK, INC, VCK, IUML | 27 / 39
|
| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2013-2016 | 2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu[8] | DMK, VCK, IUML, MMK, PT | 0 / 39
|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2016-2023 | 2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MDMK, KMDK, IJK | 38 / 39
|
| Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance | |||
| 2023-Present | 2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK, INC ,VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MDMK, KMDK, MNM | 39 / 39
|
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Contested by | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | ||||
| 2004-2013 | 2009 Indian general election | DMK, INC, VCK, IUML | INC | Won |
| DMK-VCK Alliance | ||||
| 2013-2016 | 2014 Indian general election[9] | DMK, VCK, IUML, MMK, PT | DMK | Lost |
| United Progressive Alliance | ||||
| 2016-2023 | 2019 Indian general election | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI | INC | Won |
| Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance | ||||
| 2023-Present | 2024 Indian general election | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MNM | INC | Won |
State legislative assembly elections
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
ஜனநாயக முற்போக்குக் கூட்டணி
| |||
| 2004-2006 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, PBK, Forward Bloc (Vallarasu) | 163 / 234
|
| 2006-2011 | 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, VCK, KMK, MMK, PMK | 31 / 234
|
| 2011-2016 | 2016 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, MMK, PT, PMK, TPWP, SSP | 98 / 234
|
| Secular Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2017-2021 | 2021 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, CPI, CPI(M), MMK, MDMK, PMK, KMDK, AIFB, MVK, ATP | 159 / 234
|
| 2025-present | 2026 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, DMDK, CPI, CPI(M), MMK, MDMK, KMDK,SDPI | |
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2021 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, CPI | 20 / 30
|
| 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, VCK | 9 / 30
| |
| 2016 | INC, DMK | 18 / 30
| |
| 2021 | INC, DMK, IUML, VCK, CPI, Independent | 9 / 30
| |
| Secular Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2025-present | 2026 | INC, DMK, VCK, CPI, CPI(M) | |
Strength in Legislative Assembly
Tamil Nadu
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 126 / 234
| |
| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | 17 / 234
| |
| Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | VCK | Anti-casteism | 4 / 234
| |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPIM | Marxism-Leninism | 2 / 234
| |
| Communist Party of India | CPI | Marxism–Leninism | 2 / 234
| |
| Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | MDMK | Dravidianism | 4 / 234 [a]
| |
| Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | KMDK | Indigenism | 1 / 234 [b]
| |
| Manithaneya Makkal Katchi | MMK | Social democracy | 2 / 234 [c]
| |
| Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi | TVK | Populism | 1 / 234 [d]
| |
Puducherry
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 6 / 30
| |
| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | 2 / 30
| |
| Independents | IND | Independent | 4 / 30
| |
Withdrawals
| Political Party | State | Date | Reason for Withdrawal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2009 | Allied with BSP | |
| Puratchi Bharatham Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2011 | Allied with AIADMK+ | |
| Pattali Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2014 | Allied with NDA | |
| Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK+ | |
| Puthiya Tamilagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK+ | |
| Perunthalaivar Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK+ | |
| Indian Uzhavar Uzhaippalar Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2021 | Allied with AIADMK+ | |
| Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi | 2021 | Allied with MNM-led Alliance | ||
The Left parties defected to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)-led front in 2009 after it withdrew support to the Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance coalition in the Centre.
The Pattali Makkal Katchi withdrew support in 2008 over differences with the DMK but it still remained in the Congress-led UPA in the Centre. But after differences over seat sharing before the 15th Lok Sabha, it withdrew support to the UPA also and crossed over to the AIADMK-led front.
The Manithaneya Makkal Katchi was formed in 2009 by the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham and immediately joined the DPA. But before the Lok Sabha elections, its demand for two Lok Sabha seats and one Rajya Sabha seat was turned down by the DMK which offered them a lone Lok Sabha seat. The MMK withdrew from the DPA and as of now tied up with small parties like actor Sarath Kumar-led Akila Indiya Samathuva Makkal Katchi, the Puthiya Tamilzhagam and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Governments & Legislative leaders
- Fifth Karunanidhi ministry (2006 - 2011)
- Narayanasamy ministry (2016 - 2021)
- M. K. Stalin ministry (2021- incumbent)
See also
Notes
References
- ^ "Dravida Munnetra Kazgham (DMK)". Business Standard India. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ^ Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN 978-1-107-18943-0.
- ^ Chakrabarty, Bidyut (2014). Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies. Oxford University Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-199-97489-4.
- ^ "Party constitution". India: All India Forward Bloc. 2017. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
- ^ "DMK-led front in TN christened "Secular Progressive Alliance"". 15 March 2019.
- ^ "DMK launches Democratic Progressive Alliance". TimesofIndia. 20 January 2004. Retrieved 20 January 2004.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
DMDKwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "DMK-led Democratic Progressive Alliance to mobilise people under 'secular front'". The Economic Times. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ "DMK-led Democratic Progressive Alliance to mobilise people under 'secular front'". The Economic Times. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.