Rupnagar

This article is about the municipality in Punjab, India. For its namesake district, see Rupnagar district. For the village in Nepal, see Rupnagar, Nepal.

Rupnagar
Rūpnagar (Punjabi)
City
Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib situated on the banks of Satluj River
Gurdwara Bhatha Sahib
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Park
Nickname: 
Ropar
Rupnagar
Rupnagar
Coordinates: 30°58′00″N 76°31′25″E / 30.96667°N 76.52361°E / 30.96667; 76.52361
Country India
StatePunjab
DistrictRupnagar
Established19th century (2000 BCE)
Government
 • TypeMunicipal council
 • BodyRopar MC
Area
 • Total
13.65 km2 (5.27 sq mi)
Elevation
262 m (860 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
56,000
 • Density4,100/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialPunjabi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
140 001
Telephone code91-1881
Vehicle registrationPB-12
Websiterupnagar.nic.in

Rupnagar[1][2] (/ˈrʊpnəɡər/; formerly known as Ropar or Rupar[3]) is a city and a municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Rupnagar is a newly created fifth Divisional Headquarters of Punjab comprising Rupnagar, Mohali, and its adjoining districts. It is also one of the bigger sites belonging to the Indus Valley civilization. Rupnagar is nearly 47 km (29 mi) to the northwest of Chandigarh (the nearest airport and the capital of Punjab) and nearly 36 kilometres (22 mi) from Baddi- Barotiwala- Nalagarh (BBN) industrial corridor in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. It is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the north and Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district to its west.[4]

There are many historical and religious places in Rupnagar, including gurdwaras such as Gurdwara Bhatha Sahib,[5] Gurdwara Bhubour Sahib,[6] Gurdwara Solkhian[7] and Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib[8].

History

Etymology

The ancient town of Rupnagar is said to have been named by a Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen.[9]

Indus Valley civilization

Rupnagar is one of the Indus Valley civilization sites located along the Ghaggar-Hakra River beds.[10] The site is referenced in sources such as the Encyclopædia Britannica.[11]

The city houses an Archaeological Museum, opened to the public in 1998,[12] which displays artifacts recovered from the excavated site. Rupnagar is notable as the first Harappan site excavated after India's independence.[13]

The excavations reveal a continuous cultural sequence from the Harappan period to medieval times. Important exhibits include Harappan antiquities, gold coins attributed to Chandragupta Maurya, and copper and bronze implements.[13]

Geography

Rupnagar is located at 30°58′N 76°32′E / 30.97°N 76.53°E / 30.97; 76.53.[14] It has an average elevation of 260 metres (850 ft). The town lies on the bank of Satluj River and the Shivalik hill range spreads along the opposite bank of the river.

Climate

The climate of Rupnagar is characterized by general dryness (except in the south west monsoon season), a hot summer and a cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitutes the post-monsoon or transition season. The temperature ranges from a minimum of 1 °C (34 °F) in winter to 47 °C (117 °F) in summer. May and June are generally the hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative humidity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1030mm. About 78% of the annual rainfall is received during June through September.[15]

Rupnagar wetland

Main article: Ropar Wetland

The city has one of the three important wetlands of the Punjab State known as Rupnagar Wetland or Ropar Wetland.It was declared as a Ramsar site in 2002[16][17][18][19][20] This is a man-made freshwater wetland covering 1,365 hectares. Also called the Rupnagar Lake, the wetland developed consequent to the construction of a regulator on the Sutlej River.[21] The area has a large number of birds, mammals and vegetation. It has at least 9 mammalian, 154 bird, 35 fish, 9 arthropod, 11 rotifer and 10 protozoan species. This important ecological zone is located in the Shivalik foothills of the Lower Himalayas and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River, in the Punjab state of India, by building a head regulator.[22][23][24] The total area of the wetland is 1,365 hectares (3,370 acres). The wetland is surrounded by Shivalik hills to the northwest and by plains to the south and southeast.

Transport

Rail

Rupnagar railway station falls in the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is connected to Chandigarh by a single line railway track. It is also connected to Amritsar via Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Morinda, Una and Nangal Dam.

Road

Rupnagar city has a road network to surrounding villages and towns in the district as well as to major cities including Una, Baddi, Shimla, Solan, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Chandigarh and Delhi. Rupnagar is connected by the National Highway system to the following nearby cities, by the following highway routes:

Demographics

As per 2011 India census,[27] Rupnagar had a population of 56,038. Males constitute 52.8% of the population and females 47.2%. Rupnagar has an average literacy rate of 82.19%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 87.50%, and female literacy is 76.42%.[28][29][30]

Companies

Education

Schools

Rupnagar has both public and private schools affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Punjab School Education Board (PSEB), or the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE). These schools follow the 10+2 system of education.[31]

Higher education

Rupnagar houses the Indian Institute of Technology Ropar which is spread over 525 acres in the banks of Satluj,[32] the Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal,[33] and Government College, Ropar[34] (affiliated to Punjabi University, Patiala[35]).Ropar is an education hub for local villages. Colleges in Ropar offers great opportunities to students from nearby districts too.

Notable people

Villages

See also

References

  1. ^ "Ropar | India | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  2. ^ "Rupnagar | Districts Profile | NRI Affairs Department". nripunjab.gov.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  3. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rupar" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 855.
  4. ^ "Map of District | Rupnagar Web Portal | India". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  5. ^ "Gurdwara Bhatta Sahib - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia". www.sikhiwiki.org. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
  6. ^ "Gurdwara Bhabour Sahib - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia". www.sikhiwiki.org. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
  7. ^ "Gurdwara Baba Deep Singh Shaheed (Solkhian) - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia". www.sikhiwiki.org. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
  8. ^ "HistoricalGurudwaras.com, a Journey to Historical Gurudwara Sahibs". www.historicalgurudwaras.com. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
  9. ^ "rupnagar city etymology". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  10. ^ Kodwani, Sunny (11 September 2016). Harappan Towns and Cities: Indus Valley Civilization, Indian Historical Tales. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-5375-4228-7.
  11. ^ "Indus civilization". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  12. ^ "Archeological Museum". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  13. ^ a b "ASI Museum - Rupnagar". rupnagar.nic.in. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  14. ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Rupnagar
  15. ^ "Climate and Rainfall - Rupnagar". rupnagar.nic.in. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  16. ^ "RAMSAR Wetland Sites". www.wiienvis.nic.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  17. ^ Komal; Khattar, J. I. S.; Singh, D. P.; Singh, Yadvinder (2021). "New records of desmids from Ropar wetland (a Ramsar Site) of Punjab, India". Plant Science Today. 8 (4): 1037–1048. doi:10.14719/pst.2021.8.4.1229. ISSN 2348-1900. S2CID 238645818.
  18. ^ "Ropar | Ramsar Sites Information Service". rsis.ramsar.org. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  19. ^ Vinod Kumar (28 January 2020). "Three more Punjab wetlands get Ramsar site tag | Chandigarh News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  20. ^ "Ropar Wetland". SANDRP. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  21. ^ "Punjab Tourism". punjabtourism.gov.in. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  22. ^ DKGitHv-DTAC.
  23. ^ Jain, Sharad K.; Agarwal, Pushpendra K.; Singh, Vijay P. (16 May 2007). Hydrology and Water Resources of India. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-5180-7.
  24. ^ The Journal of Cytology and Genetics. Society of Cytologists and Geneticists, India. 1990.
  25. ^ "Relation: NH205 (3210477)". OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  26. ^ "National Highway 103A (NH103A) Travel Guide - Roadnow". roadnow.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  27. ^ "Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census". rupnagar.nic.in. Census Commission of India. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  28. ^ "Rupnagar District Population Census 2011-2022, Punjab literacy sex ratio and density". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  29. ^ Experts, Arihant (4 June 2019). Know Your State Punjab. Arihant Publications India limited. ISBN 978-93-131-6766-2.
  30. ^ Census of India, 2011: pt.1. Provisional population totals. Directorate of Census Operations, Punjab. 2011.
  31. ^ "Schools". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  32. ^ "Indian Institute of Technology Ropar | भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान रोपड़". www.iitrpr.ac.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  33. ^ "Home page - Best colleges in Chandigarh IETBhaddal". ietbhaddal.edu.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  34. ^ "Govt College Ropar". www.govtcollegeropar.org. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  35. ^ "Punjabi University, Patiala | Higher Education Institute | NAAC "A" Grade | Punjab". www.punjabiuniversity.ac.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  36. ^ "How 'manyavar' Kanshiram stood up for a colleague and changed Indian politics". ThePrint. 9 October 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  37. ^ "Kanshi Ram – A Great Indian Politician and Social Reformer". www.beaninspirer.com. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  38. ^ "Surjit Bindrakhia". Spotify. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  39. ^ "PTC Punjabi- Live Gurbani | World's No.1 Punjabi Entertainment Channel". PTC Punjabi. 15 April 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  40. ^ "Know the new Punjab Vidhan Sabha speaker, Rana KP Singh". Hindustan Times. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  41. ^ Service, Tribune News. "Indian Constitution is best, says Rana KP". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
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