List of preprint repositories
This is a list of repositories used to store open science research outputs, which may include preprints, datasets, and journal publications with open content licenses.[1]
List
| Name | Discipline(s)[a] | Description | Size[b] | Created[c] | Provider(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIJR Preprints | Multidisciplinary | AIJR Preprints is an open-access Indian preprint repository which is indexed in Europe PMC[2] and listed in OpenDOAR[3] | >100 | 2020 | AIJR Publisher |
| AAS Open Research | Multidisciplinary | At least one of the authors must be affiliated with the African Academy of Sciences | >100 | 2018 | African Academy of Sciences & F1000 Research Ltd |
| AMRC Open Research | Medicine | At least one of the authors must be affiliated with AMRC member charities | <100 | 2019 | Association of Medical Research Charities & F1000 Research Ltd |
| agriRxiv | Agriculture | Global preprint service for agriculture and allied sciences | >100 | 2017 | Open Access India & CAB International |
| APSA Preprints | Political science | Early research outputs in political science and related disciplines | >100 | 2019 | American Political Science Association & Cambridge University Press |
| mp_arc | Mathematical physics | Main focus: mathematics, physics | >10,000 | 1991–2023 | University of Texas at Austin, Università Roma Tre, Universitat de Barcelona |
| arXiv[4] | Multidisciplinary | Main focus: mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics, quantitative finance and economics | >1,000,000[5] | 1991 | Cornell University[6] |
| AfricArXiv[7] | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in Africa | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| Arabixiv | Multidisciplinary | Arabic Preprint Server | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| ARPHA Preprints | Multidisciplinary | The submission systems limited to the participating ARPHA journals | <100 | 2020 | Pensoft Publishers |
| Authorea[8] | Multidisciplinary | A collaborative writing platform that can be used as preprint server | >10,000 | 2013 | Atypon |
| Beilstein Archives | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for Beilstein journals | >100 | 2019 | Beilstein Institut |
| BioHackrXiv | Life Sciences | Preprint server to report on works done during BioHackathons, CodeFests, Sprints or similar events | >100[9] | 2020 | Center for Open Science |
| bioRxiv[10] | Biology | Open access preprint repository for the biological sciences | >100,000[11] | 2013 | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| BodoArXiv | Medieval Studies | Open Repository for Medieval Studies | <100 | 2019 | ScholarlyHub & Center for Open Science |
| Cell Sneak Peek | Biology | Manuscript under review in Cell Press journals | >1,000 | 2018 | Elsevier |
| ChemRxiv[12] | Chemistry | Open access preprint archive for chemistry | >10,000 | 2017 | American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry & German Chemical Society |
| ChinaXiv | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in China | >10,000 | 2016 | National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| CogPrints | Multidisciplinary | Psychology, Neuroscience, Linguistics, Computer Science, Philosophy, and Biology | >1,000 | 1997–2017 | University of Southampton |
| CrimRxiv | Criminology | Criminology's open archive | >100 | 2020 | University of Manchester |
| Cryptology ePrint Archive | Cryptography | Open access preprint archive for cryptography | >1,000 | 1996 | International Association for Cryptologic Research |
| EarthArXiv[13] | Earth science | All subdomains of Earth Science and related domains of planetary science | >1,000 | 2017 | California Digital Library |
| EcoEvoRxiv | Ecology | A free preprint service for ecology, evolution and conservation | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| EconStor | Economics and Business Studies | A subject based repository with a high share of working papers (preprints) | >100,000 | 2009 | ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics |
| ECSarXiv | Electrochemistry | A free preprint service for electrochemistry and solid state science and technology | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| EdArXiv | Education | A Preprint Server For The Education Research Community | >100 | 2019 | Center for Open Science |
| engrXiv[14] | Engineering | Open archive of engineering preprints | >1,000 | 2016 | Open Engineering Inc |
| ESSOAr | Earth science | Earth and space science preprints and conference posters | >1,000 | 2018 | American Geophysical Union, Atypon, & Wiley |
| Eyexiv | Vision science | The Eye Open Repository, Preprints for ophthalmology, optometry, and vision science | >100 | 2022 | International Virtual Ophthalmic Research Center |
| E-LIS | Library science | Eprints in Library and Information Science | >10,000 | 2003 | E-LIS Governance & CIEPI |
| F1000 Research | Life Sciences | Preprint server with integrated option of peer review by invited experts, suggested by the authors, done openly after publication | >1,000 | 2012 | F1000 Research Ltd |
| figshare | Multidisciplinary | Open content repository | unknown | 2011 | Springer Nature |
| FocUS Archive | Ultrasound research | A free preprint service for the focused ultrasound research community | <100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| Frenxiv | Multidisciplinary | French server for preprints. Closed. | >100 | 2018–2022 | Center for Open Science |
| Gates Open Research | Multidisciplinary | A platform for rapid author-led publication and open peer review of research funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | >100 | 2017 | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |
| HAL[15] | Multidisciplinary | Open archive for scholarly documents from all academic fields | >1,000,000 | 2001 | Centre pour la communication scientifique directe |
| HRB Open Research | Medicine | A preprint platform for HRB-funded researchers | >100 | 2018 | Health Research Board & F1000 Research Ltd. |
| hprints | Arts and humanities | Nordic Arts and Humanities and Social Sciences Open Access repository | >100 | 2008 | French National Centre for Scientific Research & Nordbib |
| INArxiv | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in Indonesia | >10,000 | 2017–2020[16] | Center for Open Science |
| IndiaRxiv | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in India | >100 | 2019 | Open Access India, Center for Open Science & Society for Promotion of Horticulture |
| Jxiv | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server in Japan[17] | >100 | 2022 | Japan Science and Technology Agency |
| JMIR Preprints | Medicine | Preprint server by publisher JMIR Publications mainly for open review of JMIR submissions | >100[18] | 2009[19] | JMIR Publications |
| LatArXiv Preprints | Multidisciplinary | Preprint repository focused on early dissemination and citation of research primarily in the Latin American context. | >100 | 2024[20] | Paideia Publishing Services |
| LawArXiv | Law | Archive for legal research | >1,000 | 2017–2020 | Center for Open Science |
| LISSA | Library science | Library and Information Sciences Scholarship Archive | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| LingBuzz | Linguistics | Preprint server for linguistics, covering phonology, semantics, syntax, morphology, and diachronic linguistics | >10,000 | 2004(?) | University of Tromsø |
| MarXiv | Marine science | Repository for ocean and marine-climate science. Closed. | >100 | 2017–2020 | Center for Open Science |
| MediArXiv | Communication sciences | Preprints for media, film, and communication research | >100 | 2019 | Center for Open Science |
| medRxiv[21] | Medicine | Open access preprint archive for medicine | >10,000[22] | 2019 | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| MetaArXiv | Multidisciplinary | Focused on improving research transparency and reproducibility | >100[23] | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| MindRxiv | Multidisciplinary | Preprints on mind and contemplative practices | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| Nature Precedings | Multidisciplinary | Preprint repository of scholarly work in the fields of biomedical sciences, chemistry, and earth sciences | >1,000 | 2007–2012 | Nature Publishing Group |
| NutriXiv | Nutritional sciences | Preprint service for the nutritional sciences | <100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| Optimization Online | Mathematics | Eprint repository for optimization topics | >10,000 | 2000 | Mathematical Optimization Society & Wisconsin institute |
| OSF Preprints | Multidisciplinary | Aggregates over 30 preprint servers (all from COS plus other like arXiv, bioRxiv, etc.). Number of native OSF Preprints documents: 25,114. | >1,000,000 | 2017 | Center for Open Science |
| PaleorXiv[24] | Paleontology | Preprint server for paleontology | >100 | 2017 | Center for Open Science |
| PeerJ PrePrints[25] | Biology, medicine | Initially, developed as preprint server for PeerJ submissions. Closed Sep 30th 2019. | >1,000 | 2013–2019 | O'Reilly Media & SAGE Publishing |
| PhilArchive | Philosophy | A preprint archive for philosophy affiliated with PhilPapers | >10,000 | 2009 | PhilPapers Foundation |
| PhilSci-Archive | Philosophy of science | An archive for preprints in philosophy of science | >10,000 | 2001 | D-Scribe Digital Publishing |
| Preprints with The Lancet | Medicine | Preprints available via SSRN | >1,000 | 2018 | Elsevier |
| Preprints.org | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research governed by MDPI | >124,000[26] | 2016 | MDPI |
| Preprints.ru | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in Russia | >100 | 2019 | NEICON |
| PsyArXiv[27] | Psychology | Open access preprint archive for psychology | >10,000[28] | 2016 | Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science |
| Qeios[29] | Multidisciplinary | Open access, open peer review scientific publishing platform | >1000 | 2019 | Qeios |
| RePEc | Economics | Research in economics | >1,000,000 | 1997 | Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis |
| Research Square | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server plus editing (commercial) | >100,000[30] | 2018 | Research Square R&D LLC |
| Rutgers Optimality Archive | Linguistics | A distribution point for research in Optimality Theory and its conceptual affiliates | >1,000 | 1993 | School of Arts and Sciences at Rutgers University |
| SciELO Preprints | Multidisciplinary | Interdisciplinary research for Latin America, Iberian Peninsula, South Africa | >10,000 | 2020 | SciELO |
| ScienceOpen | Multidisciplinary | A research and discovery network allowing scholars with at least 5 publications to freely review preprints. | >1,000,000 | 2013 | ScienceOpen |
| SocArXiv | Social science | Open archive of the social sciences | >10,000[31] | 2016 | Center for Open Science |
| SportRxiv | Sports science | Repository dedicated to sport and exercise related research | >100 | 2017 | Center for Open Science |
| SSRN (First Look) | Multidisciplinary | Aggregates over 30 preprint servers (Preprints with The Lancet, Cell Sneak Peek, etc.). More than 55 disciplines. Initially funded by SSRN in 1994, bought in 2016 by Elsevier. | >1,000,000 | 1994 | Elsevier |
| TechRxiv | Engineering | Preprints in Technology Research | >10,000 | 2020 | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| ViXra[32] | Multidisciplinary | Mainly physics and mathematics, but also other. An alternative to arXiv. Well-known for also having many unorthodox papers and also fringe science. | >10,000 | 2009 | Scientific God Inc. |
| Wellcome Open Research | Multidisciplinary | At least one of the authors must be a Wellcome researcher | >100 | 2017 | Wellcome Trust |
| WikiJournal Preprints | Multidisciplinary | Preprint repository of scholarly work in a MediaWiki format | <100 | 2017 | WikiJournal User Group |
| Zenodo | Multidisciplinary | Preprint repository of scholarly work | >100,000 | 2011 | OpenAIRE / CERN |
| Synthical[33] | Multidisciplinary | Open access preprint repository for computer science, mathematics, economics, physics, cryptography, biology, and chemistry | >1,000,000[34] | 2023 | Synthical |
See also
- List of academic journals by preprint policy
- List of copyright policies of academic publishers
- List of research funders by preprint licensing policy
Explanatory notes
- ^ The Discipline(s) contain only the repository's main focus, as in virtually all preprint servers there are manuscripts from many subjects.
- ^ Some servers will continue to host the preprint even once a published version is available. Others will 'convert' preprints to published articles (where the DOI of the published article is a version the preprint's doi). Sizes of the different repositories are therefore often not comparable.
- ^ If Created is red, it means that the preprint server is no longer operating.
References
- ^ ERC. "Open science". European Research Council (ERC). Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved 2025-06-07. Website.
- ^ "Europe PMC". europepmc.org. Retrieved 2025-01-05.
- ^ "AIJR Preprints - Sherpa Services". v2.sherpa.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2024-04-05. Retrieved 2025-01-05.
- ^ Ginsparg, Paul (2011). "It was twenty years ago today". arXiv:1108.2700 [cs.DL].
- ^ "Monthly Submissions". arxiv.org. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
- ^ Jeffrey Brainard (2026-03-18), "ArXiv, the pioneering preprint server, declares independence from Cornell", science.org, American Association for the Advancement of Science
- ^ Mallapaty, Smriti (2018-06-25). "African scientists launch their own preprint repository". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05543-w. S2CID 158526432.
- ^ Perkel, Jeffrey M. (2014-10-02). "Scientific writing: the online cooperative". Nature News. 514 (7520): 127–128. Bibcode:2014Natur.514..127P. doi:10.1038/514127a. PMID 25279924. S2CID 4452280.
- ^ "BioHackrXiv". biohackrxiv.org. Retrieved 4 November 2025.
- ^ Callaway, Ewen (2013). "Preprints come to life". Nature. 503 (7475): 180. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..180C. doi:10.1038/503180a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 24226869. S2CID 4465821.
- ^ "Search Results | bioRxiv". www.biorxiv.org. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
- ^ "ACS launches chemistry preprint server". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ^ "Earth Science Is Ready for Preprints". Eos. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ^ "engrXiv Blog". blog.engrxiv.org. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ^ Baruch, Pierre (2007). "Open access developments in France: the HAL Open Archives System". Learned Publishing. 20 (4): 267–282. doi:10.1087/095315107X239636. S2CID 206006154.
- ^ INArxiv, (OSF). "INArxiv". Retrieved 2023-08-31.
- ^ Agency (JST), Japan Science and Technology. "JST Press Release#1551:Japan's first full-fledged preprint server Jxiv to be operational"". www.jst.go.jp. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
- ^ Lin, Jennifer. "Preprints growth rate ten times higher than journal articles". Crossref. doi:10.64000/j5z8g-wdw85.
- ^ Eysenbach, Gunther (2015). "Peer-Review 2.0: Welcome to JMIR Preprints, an Open Peer-Review Marketplace for Scholarly Manuscripts". JMIR Preprints. 1 (1). JMIR Publications: e1.
- ^ Pantaleo, Patricio Iván (2025). "LatArXiv. Creación de un repositorio preprint y datos de investigación abierto para la comunidad latinoamericana". SciELO Preprints. Paideia Studio - Universidad Pablo de Olavide. doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.8124.
- ^ Kaiser, Jocelyn (2019-06-05). "Medical preprint server debuts". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aay2933. ISSN 0036-8075. S2CID 241980128.
- ^ "Search Results | medRxiv". www.medrxiv.org. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
- ^ "MetaArXiv". osf.io. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
- ^ protohedgehog (2017-08-29). "paleorXiv is a free publishing platform for Paleontology". Green Tea and Velociraptors. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ^ "PeerJ Preprints to stop accepting new preprints Sep 30th 2019 – PeerJ Blog". peerj.com. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ^ "Preprints.org - The Multidisciplinary Preprint Platform". www.preprints.org. Retrieved 2026-03-19.
- ^ Rife, Sean (2016-09-19). "Introducing PsyArXiv: a preprint service for psychological science". PsyArXiv Blog. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ^ "PsyArXiv". psyarxiv.com. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
- ^ Coy, Peter (2022-01-28). "Opinion | How to Disseminate Science Quickly". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-04.
- ^ "Browse Articles". www.researchsquare.com. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
- ^ "Socarxiv". osf.io. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
- ^ "What's arXiv spelled backwards? A new place to publish : News blog". blogs.nature.com. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "AI Tools Recommendations, Week 20". 22 September 2024.
- ^ "Synthical: Science, Simplified".