Petar Chaulev

Voivode
Petar Chaulev
Петър Чаулев
Petar Chaulev in uniform.
Bornc. 1882
Ohrid, Manastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now Republic of North Macedonia)
DiedDecember 23, 1924 (aged 41–42)
Milan, Kingdom of Italy
Cause of deathAssassination
CitizenshipOttoman/Bulgarian
Military career
Allegiance
Branch
Conflicts

Petar Chaulev (Bulgarian: Петър Чаулев; Albanian: Petar Çaulev; 1882 – December 23, 1924) was a Bulgarian[1][2][3] revolutionary in Ottoman Macedonia.[4][5][6] He was a local leader of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO).

Biography

He was born into an Orthodox Albanian family in Ohrid. His father was a Tosk Albanian fisherman from southern Albania. Chaulev was fluent in Albanian, and spent several years living in Albania where he was nicknamed 'Petrush'.[7][8] He graduated from the Bulgarian High School in Bitola. He taught in Ohrid and the village of Popolzhani in the Lerin (Florina) region.[9] Chaulev was an organizer of the revolutionary committees in the Ohrid, Prespa and Lerin regions in the 1890s.[10] In the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising, he was a voivode and head of the Ohrid revolutionary committee.[10]

After the uprising, he was the district commander and a member of the Bitola District Committee. He participated as a delegate in IMRO's Kyustendil Congress in 1908. He declared himself against the disarmament of IMRO after the Young Turk Revolution in 1908. Chaulev was elected as a member of IMRO's Central Committee in 1911.[9] He participated in the Balkan Wars, Tikveš uprising and Ohrid–Debar uprising in 1913.[10] During the First Balkan War, as the commander of a volunteer detachment, he supported the offensive of the allied Serbian troops in Vardar Macedonia.[9] During the Bulgarian occupation in World War I, he was the district chief of Ohrid.[10] Chaulev was included in the administrative section of the 11th Macedonian Infantry Division.[9] After the war, he participated with Todor Aleksandrov and Aleksandar Protogerov in the re-creation of IMRO.[10] He became part of IMRO's new central committee in 1919.[11] As a member of the Central Committee, he was responsible for organizing armed actions from Italy and Albania, but was unable to cope with this task.[9]

Chaulev published the book Skipia (Albania) in 1924 in Istanbul.[12] He established contacts with representatives of the Soviet embassy in Rome and with Communist International figures.[9] In 1924, IMRO forged connections with the Comintern. As a result, Chaulev signed the so-called "May Manifesto" in Vienna along with Protogerov and Aleksandrov concerning the formation of a Balkan Communist Federation and cooperation with the Soviet Union.[13] Under pressure by the Bulgarian government, Aleksandrov and Protogerov denied that they had ever signed any agreement, claiming that the May Manifesto was a communist forgery.[11] Shortly after, Aleksandrov was assassinated by IMRO voivodes. IMRO sentenced Chaulev to death.[14] Chaulev, who did not abandon the Manifesto and was suspected as involved in Aleksandrov's murder, was assassinated in Milan on December 23, 1924, by IMRO revolutionary Dimitar Stefanov,[10][14][15] on the orders of Ivan Mihaylov.[9]

References

  1. ^ With new leadership embodied in General Alexander Protogerov, Todor Alexandrov and Petar Chaulev, IMRO decided, despite the Bulgarian defeat, to continue the struggle for the unification of Macedonia and Bulgaria. For more see: Dmitar Tasić (2020) Paramilitarism in the Balkans. Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania, 1917-1924. OUP Oxford, ISBN 9780191899218, p. 29.
  2. ^ Николов, Борис Й. ВМОРО: Псевдоними и шифри 1893-1934. София, Издателство „Звезди“, 1999. ISBN 954951417X. с. 41, 51, 62, 97, 98, 108.
  3. ^ "Българи сме, ще ни интересува как се управлява тая страна, но нашия интерес трябва да има граници. Три години скитам по чужди страни, много по-хубави, много по-културни и много по-свободни, но България обичам повече от всички, защото съм българин." Македонский вопрос в документах Коминтерна. Часть I: 1923-1925, Часть II: 1923-1925. Сост. Ленина Жила, Владо Поповски, Скопиjе, 1999, с. 627-634. «Открытое письмо Петра Чаулева Кириллу Пырличеву» 13 Октября, 1924 г.
  4. ^ Освободителнитѣ борби на Македония, том II, Хр.Силянов, стр. 404-405.
  5. ^ Георгиев, Величко, Стайко Трифонов, История на българите 1878 - 1944 в документи, том 1 1878 - 1912, част втора, стр. 475-481. „Българските революционни чети в Македония според доклад на А. Тошев до министъра на външните работи и изповеданията Д. Станчов“.
  6. ^ Илюстрация Илинден, бр. 132, стр.11.
  7. ^ SKENDER, ASANI (2014). "PETAR ÇAULEV DHE VEPRA E TIJ "SHQIPËRIA"". Studime Albanologjike (in Albanian). ITSH: 25-28.
  8. ^ Dimitar Bechev (2019). Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia, Historical Dictionaries of Europe. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 67. ISBN 1538119625.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "Петър Чаулев (1882 - 1924)". Macedonian Scientific Institute (in Bulgarian). December 23, 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Blaže Ristovski, ed. (2009). Makedonska enciklopedija [Macedonian Encyclopedia] (in Macedonian). MANU. p. 1616.
  11. ^ a b Andrew Rossos (2013). Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History. Hoover Press. pp. 149, 159. ISBN 9780817948832.
  12. ^ SKENDER, ASANI (2014). "PETAR ÇAULEV DHE VEPRA E TIJ "SHQIPËRIA"". Studime Albanologjike. ITSH: 25-28.
  13. ^ Rothschild, Joseph (1959). The Communist Party of Bulgaria; Origins and Development, 1883-1936. Columbia University Press. p. 171.
  14. ^ a b Dmitar Tasić (2019). "The Macedonian Youth Secret Organisation (MYSRO) 1922-1927: A New Moment in Macedonian Struggle". Geschichte und Regionen / Storia e regione: 34.
  15. ^ Георги Марков (2003). Покушения, насилие и политика в България 1878 – 1947 (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Военно издателство. pp. 204–207. ISBN 954-509-239-4.
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