Lists of executed people for religious offenses, including heresy, apostasy, impiety, desecration and blasphemy. This list includes people executed legally and semi-legally but not people murdered extrajudicially.
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List
Afghanistan
Austria
| Name |
Date |
Crime |
Method
|
| Franz Wunderlich[1]
|
1688
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Anna Rossenberger (19)[1]
|
1697
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Anna Rosina[1]
|
1702
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Francisca Rosenburgerin (19)[1]
|
12 May 1705
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Catherina N. (24)[1]
|
17 February 1707
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Elisabeth Stainin (23)[1]
|
16 March 1708
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Hans Georg Fritsch (47)[1]
|
June 1709
|
Blasphemy
|
Beheading
|
| Elizabeth N. (31)[1]
|
10 December 1709
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Anna Kaufeuthner (28)[1]
|
1710
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Johann Posch (19)[1]
|
7 June 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Anna Catherina Köpferin (18)[1]
|
12 July 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Clara Dorothea Jancovitschin (23)[1]
|
30 August 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Susanna Grallin (19)[1]
|
27 September 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Magdalena Zechirlin (20)[1]
|
| Maria Elisabeth N. (20)[1]
|
17 November 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Benigna Rosina Weninger (17)[1]
|
23 November 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Magdalena N. (18)[1]
|
8 February 1713
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Stefan Maurer (16)[1]
|
9 August 1713
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Unnamed girl (15)[1]
|
31 August 1713
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Magdalena N. (19)[1]
|
20 October 1713
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Unnamed woman (26)[1]
|
2 March 1714
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Unnamed woman (20)[1]
|
24 March 1714
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Unnamed woman (19)[1]
|
8 August 1714
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Andreas Mühlbacher (17)[1]
|
27 March 1715
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Anna Wälnerin (22)[1]
|
3 April 1715
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Adam Hirschbeck (15)[1]
|
18 June 1715
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Andreas Frisch (16)[1]
|
13 December 1715
|
Blasphemy
|
Beheading
|
| Anna Margaretha N. (26)[1]
|
25 October 1716
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Anna Maria Nitzlin[1]
|
November 1718
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Unnamed woman
|
11 June 1720
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
- Orléans heresy (1022) (burnt)
- Marguerite Porete († 1310), Paris, France
- Jacques de Molay (1243–1314), burned after conviction by a tribunal under the control of King Philip IV of France, Paris, France
- Geoffroi de Charney († 1314), burned with Jacques de Molay above, Paris, France.
- Guilhèm Belibasta († 1321), last Cathar, Villerouge-Termenès, France
- Na Prous Boneta († 1328)
- Joan of Arc (1412–1431), Trial of Joan of Arc, Rouen, France
- Jean Vallière († 1523), Paris, France
- Étienne Dolet (1509–1546), Paris, France
- Lucilio Vanini (Giulio Cesare Vanini) (1585–1619), Toulouse, France
Germany
Iran
| Name |
Date |
Crime |
Method
|
| Hossein Soodmand[3] |
3 December 1990 |
Apostasy |
Hanging
|
| Bahman Samandari[4] |
18 March 1992 |
Apostasy |
Unknown
|
| Ruhollah Rohani[5] |
21 July 1998 |
Apostasy |
Unknown
|
| Seyed Ali Gharabat[3] |
26 January 2011 |
Apostasy |
Hanging
|
| Mohsen Amiraslani |
24 September 2014 |
Blasphemy |
Hanging
|
| Yousef Mehrdad
|
8 May 2023
|
Blasphemy
|
Hanging
|
| Sadrollah Fazeli Zare
|
Italy
- Gerard Segarelli († 1300)
- Fra Dolcino († 1307) (never tried by Catholic Church), Italy
- Cecco d'Ascoli († 1327), Florence, Italy
- Girolamo Savonarola, Domenico da Pascia, and Silvestro Maruffi († 1498), Florence, Italy (hanged and then burned)
- Pomponio Algerio († 1556) Boiled in oil, Rome
- Pietro Carnesecchi († 1567) Florence, Italy
- Menocchio (1532–1599), Italy
- Fulgenzio Manfredi (1560 ca. - 1610) Rome, Italy
- Gertrude Cordovana († 1724), Palermo, Italy[6]
Netherlands
| Name |
Date |
Crime |
Method
|
| Anna Utenhoven
|
17 July 1597
|
Heresy
|
Burned at stake
|
Ottoman Empire
| Name |
Date |
Crime |
Method |
Notes
|
| Unknown Armenian |
1843 |
Apostasy |
Beheading |
Accepted Islam, but later returned to Christianity.[7]
|
| Unknown man |
1852 |
Apostasy |
Beheading |
Converted from Islam to Christianity, executed in Aleppo.[8]
|
| Unknown man |
1853 |
Apostasy |
Beheading |
Converted from Islam to Christianity, executed in Adrianople.
|
| Batto Sfez Affair |
1857 |
Blasphemy |
Beheading |
|
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Muslim Spain
Christian Spain
- Francisco de San Roman († 1540), Spain
- Augustino de Cazalla († 1559), Valladolid, Spain
- Carlos de Seso († 1559), Valladolid, Spain
- Leonor de Cisneros († 1568), Valladolid, Spain
- Caterina Tarongí († 1691)
- Ana de Castro († 1736), Peru, Spain
- María de los Dolores López († 1781), Seville, Spain
Somalia
| Name |
Date |
Crime |
Method
|
| Abdirahman Ahmed |
15 January 2009 |
Apostasy |
|
| Mohamud Mursal Muse[10] |
2015 |
Blasphemy |
|
| Hassan Tohow Fidow |
2021 |
Blasphemy |
Firing squad[10]
|
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Catholic Britain
- William Sawtre († 1401), Smithfield, London, England
- John Badby († 1410), Smithfield, London, England
- William Taylor († 1423), Smithfield, London, England
- Pavel Kravař († 1433)
- Joan Boughton († 1494), Smithfield, London, England
- Agnes Grebill († 1511), Kent, England
- Ipswich Martyrs († 1515–1558)
- Patrick Hamilton († 1528), St Andrews, Scotland
- Richard Bayfield († 1531), Smithfield, England
- Thomas Benet († 1531), Exeter, England
- Thomas Bilney († 1531), Norwich, England
- Joan Bocher († 1531), Smithfield, England
- Thomas Harding († 1532), Chesham, England
- James Bainham († 1532), Smithfield, England
- John Frith (1503–1533), Smithfield, England
- John Forest († 1538), Smithfield, England
- Henry Filmer († 1543), Windsor, England
- Robert Testwood († 1543), Windsor, England
- Anthony Pearson († 1543), Windsor, England
- Maria van Beckum († 1544)
- Ursula van Beckum († 1544)
- Colchester Martyrs († 1545 to 1558), 26 people, Colchester, England
- George Wishart (1513–1546), St Andrews, Scotland
- John Hooper († 1555), Gloucester, England
- John Rogers († 1555), London, England
- Canterbury Martyrs († 1555–1558), c.40 people, Canterbury, England
- Laurence Saunders, (1519–1555), Coventry, England
- Rowland Taylor († 1555), Hadleigh, Suffolk, England
- Cornelius Bongey, († 1555), Coventry, England
- Dirick Carver, († 1555), Lewes, England
- Robert Ferrar († 1555), Carmarthen, Wales
- William Flower († 1555), Westminster, England
- Patrick Pakingham († 1555), Uxbridge, England
- Hugh Latimer (1485–1555), Oxford, England
- Robert Samuel († 1555), Ipswich, England
- Nicholas Ridley (1500–1555), Oxford, England
- John Bradford († 1555), London, England
- John Cardmaker († 1555), Smithfield, London, England
- Robert Glover († 1555), Hertford, England
- Thomas Hawkes († 1555), Coggeshall, England
- Thomas Tomkins († 1555), Smithfield, London, England
- Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556), Oxford, England
- Stratford Martyrs († 1556), 11 men and 2 women, Stratford, London, England
- Guernsey Martyrs († 1556), 3 women, Guernsey, Channel Islands
- Joan Waste († 1556), Derby, England
- Bartlet Green († 1556), Smithfield, London, England
- John Hullier († 1556), Cambridge, England
- John Forman († 1556), East Grinstead, England
- Alexander Gooch and Alice Driver († 1558), Ipswich, England
Protestant Britain
- Robert Barnes († 1540), Smithfield, England
- Thomas Gerrard († 1540), Smithfield, England
- Anne Askew (1521–1546), Smithfield, England
- John Lascelles († 1546), Smithfield, England
- John Adams († 1546), Smithfield, England
- Joan Bocher († 1550), Smithfield, England
- George van Parris († 1551), Smithfield, England
- Stephen Cotton († 1558),[12] Brentford, England
- Matthew Hamont († 1579), Norwich, England
- Francis Kett († 1589), Norwich, England
- Bartholomew Legate (1575–1612), Smithfield, England
- Edward Wightman (1566–1612), relapsed heretic, Lichfield, England
Eastern Orthodox countries
Other countries
Sublists
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Kathy Stuart: Suicide by Proxy in Early Modern Germany, 2023
- ^ 1547: Jan Olivetsky, Moravian publisher
- ^ a b Apostasy in The Islam Republic of Iran
- ^ One Person’s Story Bahman Samandari
- ^ One Person’s Story Ruhollah Rohani
- ^ Fiume, Giovanna; Il santo moro: i processi di canonizzazione di Benedetto da Palermo (1594-1807), 2000.
- ^ Apostasy in islam
- ^ Assessing the Legacy of the Ottoman Reform of 1856: Possibilities, Impossibilities, and Situational Changes in Religious Freedom
- ^ KOŚCIOŁY I DUCHOWIEŃSTWO ŚREDNIOWIECZNEGO RADZIEJOWA
- ^ a b Al-Shabaab executes old Man for alleged Blasphemy, 5 August 2021
- ^ Bloch, Isaac (1906). "Antoine, Nicolas". Jewish Encyclopedia. Kopelman Foundation. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ^ Foxe, John (1831). Book of Martyrs: Or, A History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Triumphant Deaths, of the Primitive as Well as Protestant Martyrs : from the Commencement of Christianity, to the Latest Periods of Pagan and Popish Persecution ... A. B. Roff. p. 443 – via Internet Archive.
stephen cotton.
References
External links