List of border conflicts

The following is a list of border conflicts between two or more countries. The list includes only those fought because of border disputes. See list of territorial disputes for those that do not involve fighting. Over 50% of the world’s borders today were drawn as a result of British and French imperialism. The British and French drew the modern borders of the Middle East, 80% of the borders of Africa, in Asia after the independence of the British Raj and French Indochina and the borders of Europe after World War I as victors, as a result of the Paris treaties.[1][2][3]

19th century

Start Finish Conflict Combatants Disputed Territories Fatalities
1811 1812 Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental Portugal v. United Provinces Banda Oriental Unknown
1816 1820 Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental Portugal v. Federal League Banda Oriental Unknown
1825 1828 Cisplatine War Empire of Brazil v. United Provinces Banda Oriental Unknown
1837 1839 Tarija War Argentine Confederation v. Peru–Bolivian Confederation Tarija Department Unknown
1846 1848 Mexican–American War United States v. Mexico Texas
Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Alta California		 ~29,000
1859 1859 Pig War (1859) United States v. United Kingdom (Colony of Vancouver Island) San Juan Islands None
1879 1883 War of the Pacific Chile v. Bolivia and Peru Litoral Department ~10,000
1896 1896 Battle of Shangi Congo Free State v. Kingdom of Rwanda Southwestern Rwanda Unknown

20th century before World War II (1918-1939)

Start Finish Conflict Combatants Disputed Territories Fatalities
1910 1918 Mexican Border War United States v. Mexico Mexico–United States border 100+
1932 1935 Chaco War Bolivia v. Paraguay Northern Gran Chaco ~100,000
1938 1938 Changkufeng Incident Soviet Union v. Japan Manchukuo–Soviet Union border region ~1,300
1939 1939 Slovak–Hungarian War Slovakia v. Hungary Eastern Slovakia 69
1939 1939 Nomonhan Incident Soviet Union and Mongolia v. Japan and Manchukuo Manchukuo–Soviet Union border region ~48,000

20th century after World War II (1945–2000)

Start Finish Conflict Combatants Disputed Territories Fatalities
1945 1945 Levant Crisis France v. United Kingdom Syria-Lebanon and Transjordan 0
1945 1946 War in southern Vietnam France v. Viet Minh Southern Vietnam 2500+
1946 1948 Beitashan Incident  China v. Soviet Union and  Mongolia Chinese–Mongolian border Unknown
1947 1948 1947–1948 Kashmir War India v. Pakistan Jammu and Kashmir 2000+
1947 1948 Annexation of Junagadh India v. Junagadh Junagadh State Unknown
1948 1948 1948 Arab-Israel War Arab League and All-Palestine Protectorate v. Israel Mandatory Palestine 10000+[4]
1948 1948 Annexation of Hyderabad India v. Hyderabad Hyderabad 1000+[5][6]
1949 1956 Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency Palestine Fedayeens v. Israel West Bank and Israel 3300+[7]
1950 1950 Chinese Invasion of Tibet China v. Tibet Chamdo 200+[8]
1950 1953 Korean War North Korea v. South Korea Korea 3000000+
1954 1954 Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli India v. Portugal Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2[9]
1954 1955 First Taiwan Strait Crisis China v. Taiwan and United States Taiwan Strait 900+[10][11]
1956 1956 Suez Crisis Israel v. Egypt Sinai Peninsula
Suez Canal Zone		 1800+[12][13]
1957 1958 Ifni War Morocco v. France and Spain Spanish Ifni 1000+[14]
1958 1958 Second Taiwan Strait Crisis China v. Taiwan and United States Quemoy and Amoy 950+[15]
1958 1958 1958 Pakistan–India border skirmish Pakistan v. India East Pakistan Border 5+[16]
1959 1960 Dir campaign Pakistan v. Afghanistan and Dir state Durand Line Unknown[17]
1960 1961 Bajaur Campaign Pakistan v. Kingdom of Afghanistan and Dir militants Durand Line Unknown
1961 1961 Annexation of Goa India v. Portugal Goa, Daman and Diu 50+[18]
1961 1961 Operation Vantage United Kingdom and Kuwait v. Iraq Kuwait Unknown
1961 1962 Western New Guinea War Indonesia and Soviet Union v. Netherlands Western New Guinea 210+[19][20]
1962 1962 Sino-Indian War China v. India Aksai Chin 2000+
1964 1964 First Ethio–Somali Border War Somalia v. Ethiopia Ethiopia–Somalia border 1000+[21]
1965 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Pakistan v. India Kashmir 5000+
1967 1967 Nathu La and Cho La clashes China v. India Nathu La and Cho La (Sikkim and Tibet) 110+[22][23]
1967 1967 Six-Day War Egypt, Syria and Jordan v. Israel Golan Heights, Sinai Peninsula, West Bank, Gaza 12000+[24]
1969 1969 Sino-Soviet border conflict Soviet Union v. China Zhenbao Island
Ussuri River		 120+[25]
1971 1971 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Pakistan v. India Kashmir
 4000+
1972 1972 First Yemenite War North Yemen v. South Yemen North Yemen–South Yemen border Unknown
1973 1973 1973 Samita border skirmish Kuwait v. Iraq Samita border Outpost Unknown
1973 1973 Yom Kippur War Egypt and Syria v. Israel Golan Heights, Sinai Peninsula, Suez Canal 22000+[26]
1974 1975 Shatt al-Arab conflict Iran v. Iraq Shatt al-Arab 1000+[27]
1974 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus Turkiye v. Cyprus and Greece Cyprus 7000+[28][29]
1975 1975 Tulung La incident China v. India Arunachal Pradesh 4[30]
1975 1991 Western Sahara War Morocco and Mauritania v. Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Western Sahara 2000+[31]
1975 1978 Indonesian invasion of East Timor Indonesia v. East Timor East Timor 186000+[32]
1977 1978 Ogaden War Somalia v. Ethiopia, Cuba and South Yemen Ogaden 12000+[33]
1978 1979 Uganda–Tanzania War Uganda v. Tanzania Kagera Salient 2000
1979 1979 Second Yemenite War North Yemen v. South Yemen North Yemen–South Yemen border 2700+
1979 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War China v. Vietnam Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn and Spratly Islands 50000+[34]
1980 1988 Iran–Iraq War Iran v. Iraq Western Iran 500000+[35]
1981 2005 Bakassi clashes Nigeria v. Cameroon Cameroon–Nigeria border 70[36]
1981 1981 Paquisha War Peru v. Ecuador Condor 50+[37]
1982 1982 Falklands War Argentina v. United Kingdom Falkland Islands,South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 800+[38]
1982 1982 Second Ethio–Somali Border War Somalia v. Ethiopia Hiran and Mudug regions 400+[39]
1983 1983 Chadian–Nigerian War Chad v. Nigeria Lake Chad 100+[40]
1984 2022 Whisky War Denmark v. Canada Hans Island 0
1984 2003 Siachen conflict Pakistan v. India Siachen Glacier 1000[41]
1985 1985 Agacher Strip War Burkina Faso v. Mali Agacher Strip 140+
1985 2000 South Lebanon conflict Lebanon and Hezbollah vs Israel Southern Lebanon 2300+[42][43][44]
1986 1987 Sumdorong Chu standoff India v. China Sumdorong Chu Unknown
1986 1987 Ciskei–Transkei War Ciskei v. Transkei Ciskei-Transkei Border Unknown
1987 1988 Thai–Laotian Border War Laos and Vietnam v. Thailand Chat Trakan district
Botene district		 140+[45]
1987 1993 First Palestinian Intifada Palestine v. Israel West Bank and Gaza Strip 2000+[46]
1988 1988 Johnson South Reef skirmish Vietnam v. China Johnson South Reef 60+[47]
1988 1988 First Nagorno-Karabakh War Azerbaijan v. Armenia Nagorno-Karabakh 17000+[48]
1989 1991 Mauritania–Senegal Border War Mauritania v. Senegal Mauritania–Senegal border Unknown
1995 1996 Third Taiwan Strait Crisis China v. Taiwan and United States Taiwan Strait Unknown
1995 1995 Hanish Islands conflict Yemen v. Eritrea Hanish Islands 20+[49]
1998 2000 Eritrean–Ethiopian War Eritrea v. Ethiopia Badme 300000
1998 2018 Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict Eritrea v. Ethiopia Eritrea–Ethiopia border 100000
1999 1999 Kargil War Pakistan v. India Kargil district 900+[50][51]

21st century

Start Finish Conflict Combatants Disputed Territory Fatalities
2000 2005 Second Palestine Intifada Palestine v. Israel Israeli-occupied territories 4000+[52]
2000 2006 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict Israel v. Hezbollah Shebaa farms 30+[53]
2001 2001 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes Bangladesh v. India Bangladesh–India border region 19[54][55]
2001 2002 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff India v. Pakistan Kashmir 700+[56]
2002 2002 Perejil Island crisis Morocco v. Spain Perejil Island 0[57]
2003 2005 Conflict in Tuzla Island Ukraine v. Russia Tuzla Island 0[58]
2006 2006 2006 Lebanon War Israel v. Lebanon and Hezbollah Northern District, Southern Lebanon, Golan Heights 1500+
2008 2008 Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict Djibouti v. Eritrea Ras Doumeira 140+[59]
2008 2008 2008 Mardakert clashes Azerbaijan v. Republic of Artsakh Line of Contact 4+[60][61]
2008 2008 Russo-Georgian War Georgia v. Russia South Ossetia and Abkhazia 340+[62][63][64]
2008 2011 2008–2011 Cambodian–Thai border crisis Cambodia v. Thailand Preah Vihear 25+[65]
2008 2008 2008 India–Pakistan standoff India v. Pakistan India–Pakistan border region Unknown
2009 2009 2009 Afghanistan–Iran clash Iran v. Afghanistan Afghanistan–Iran border 1[66]
2010 2010 2010 Mardakert clashes Azerbaijan v. Republic of Artsakh and Armenia Line of Contact 6+[67]
2010 2010 Costa Rica–Nicaragua San Juan River border dispute Costa Rica v. Nicaragua San Juan River 0
2010 2010 February 2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes Armenia v. Azerbaijan Line of Contact 3[68]
2011 2011 Wazzin Clashes Libya v. Tunisia Wazzin 20+[69][70]
2011 2011 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish India v. Pakistan Kashmir (Kupwara district and Neelum Valley) 8
2012 2012 Heglig Crisis Sudan v. South Sudan Unity State
South Kordofan		 260+
2012 2022 Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war Syria v. Turkey Akçakale 15+[71]
2012 2012 2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes Azerbaijan v. Armenia Line of Contact 9[72]
2012 2017 2012–2017 Lebanon–Syria border clashes Lebanon v. Syria Lebanon–Syria border 100+[73]
2012 2024 Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war Syria v. Israel Quneitra Governorate and Golan Heights 250+[74]
2013 2013 2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes India v. Pakistan Kashmir Line of Control 28
2014 2015 2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes India v. Pakistan Kashmir Line of Control
Indo-Pakistani border region		 55+
2014 2014 2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes Azerbaijan v. Armenia Line of Contact 10+[75]
2014 2014 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea Russia v. Ukraine Crimea 3[76]
2014 2022 War in Donbas Russia v. Ukraine Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts 10000+
2016 2016 2016 Belize–Guatemala border standoff Belize v. Guatemala Sarstoon River 1
2016 2018 2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes India v. Pakistan Kashmir 165+
2017 2017 2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish Afghanistan v. Pakistan Chaman 8+
2017 2017 2017 China–India border standoff China v. India and Bhutan Doklam 0[77]
2018 2018 2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes Armenia v. Azerbaijan Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Sharur District and Sadarak District) 2+[78][79][80]
2018 2018 2018 Syrian Kurdish–Turkish border clashes Rojava v. Turkiye Northern Syria 5+[81]
2019 2019 2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes India v. Pakistan Line of Control 50+
2020 2020 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes Armenia v. Azerbaijan Movses, Armenia and Ağdam, Azerbaijan 17+
2020 2020 Second Nagorno-Karabakh War Azerbaijan v. Armenia Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenian-occupied territories 5000+
2020 2021 2020–2021 China–India skirmishes China v. India Sikkim, Ladakh and Line of Actual Control 30+[82]
2020 2021 2020–21 India–Pakistan border skirmishes Pakistan v. India Line of Control, Kashmir 40+[83][84]
2020 2022 Ethiopian–Sudanese border conflict Ethiopia v. Sudan Ethiopian–Sudanese border 90+[85]
2021 2021 2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan conflict Kyrgyzstan v. Tajikistan Leilek District 55
2022 2022 2022 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes Kyrgyzstan v. Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan border 140+[86][87]
2022 2022 Al-Shabaab campaign in Ethiopia Islamic Emirate of Somalia v. Ethiopia Somali Region 900+[88]
2023 2023 January 2023 Jenin incursion Palestine v. Israel West Bank 5+[89]
2023 2023 February 2023 Nablus incursion Palestine v. Israel West Bank 11[90]
2023 2023 2023 Afghanistan–Iran border clash Afghanistan v. Iran Afghanistan–Iran border 3+[91]
2023 2023 June 2023 Jenin incursion Palestine v. Israel West Bank 3+[92]
2023 2023 July 2023 Jenin incursion Palestine v. Israel West Bank 13+[93][94]
2023 2023 Las Anod conflict Somaliland v. Somalia and Puntland Sool, Sanaag and Buhodle regions 4000+
2023 2023 2023 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Azerbaijan v. Republic of Artsakh Nagorno-Karabakh 300+[95][96]
2024 2026 Afghanistan–Pakistan border conflict Pakistan v. Afghanistan Durand Line 80+[97][98]
2025 2025 2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis Cambodia v. Thailand Cambodia–Thailand border 150+[99][100]

Ongoing

Start Finish Conflict Combatants Disputed Territory Fatalities
2020 Ongoing Western Saharan clashes Morocco v. Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Moroccan Western Sahara Wall 15+[101][102]
2021 Ongoing Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis Armenia v. Azerbaijan Armenia–Azerbaijan border 600+[103][104]
2022 Ongoing North Kosovo crisis Kosovo v. Kosovo Serb rebels and Serbia North Kosovo, Merdare border and Central Serbia 4[105][106]
2022 Ongoing Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis China v. Taiwan Taiwan Strait -
2022 Ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present) Russia v. Ukraine Ukraine and Russia 2,000,000+
2023 Ongoing Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Gaza war Israel v. Palestine West Bank 1,000+[107]
2023 Ongoing Third Lebanon War Israel v. Lebanon and Hezbollah Blue Line 9,000+[108][109][110]
2023 Ogoing Lebanon–Syria clashes (2024–present) Syria v. Lebanon and Hezbollah Lebanon–Syria border 5+[111]
2024 Ongoing Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present) Israel v. Syria Quneitra Governorate and Daraa governorates 100+[112]

See also

References

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