List of 19th-century religious leaders

This is a list of the top-level leaders for religious groups with at least 50,000 adherents, and that led anytime from January 1, 1801, to December 31, 1900.^[1] It should likewise only name leaders listed on other articles and lists.

• Dalai Lama of the Gelug (Yellow Hat sect) –

• Jamphel Gyatso, 8th Dalai Lama (1760–1804)
• Lungtok Gyatso, 9th Dalai Lama (1808–1815)
• Tsultrim Gyatso, 10th Dalai Lama (1822–1837)
• Khendrup Gyatso, 11th Dalai Lama (1841–1856)
• Trinley Gyatso, 12th Dalai Lama (1858–1875)
• Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama (1878–1933)

• Panchen Lama of the Gelug (Yellow Hat sect) –

• Palden Tenpai Nyima, Panchen Lama (1782–1853)
• Tenpai Wangchuk, Panchen Lama (1855?–1882)
• Thubten Chökyi Nyima, Panchen Lama (1883–1937)

• Karmapa Lama (Kagyu sect) –

• Khakyab Dorje, 15th Karmapa Lama (?–1922)

• Roman Catholic Church (complete list) –

• Pius VII (1800–1823)
• Leo XII (1823–1829)
• Pius VIII (1829–1830)
• Gregory XVI (1831–1846)
• Pius IX (1846–1878)
• Leo XIII (1878–1903)

• Old Catholicism: Church of Utrecht –

• Johannes Jacobus van Rhyn, Archbishop of Utrecht (1797–1808)
• vacant, Archbishop of Utrecht (1808–1814)
• Willibrord van Os, Archbishop of Utrecht (1814–1825)
• Johannes van Santen, Archbishop of Utrecht (1825–1858)
• Henricus Loos, Archbishop of Utrecht (1858–1873)
• Johannes Heykamp, Archbishop of Utrecht (1874–1892)
• Gerardus Gul, Archbishop of Utrecht (1892–1920)

• Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the first among equals in Eastern Orthodoxy (complete list) –

• Neophytus VII, Ecumenical Patriarch (1789–1794, 1798–1801)
• Callinicus V, Ecumenical Patriarch (1801–1806, 1808–1809)
• Gregory V, Ecumenical Patriarch (1797–1798, 1806–1808, 1818–1821)
• Jeremias IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1809–1813)
• Cyril VI, Ecumenical Patriarch (1813–1818)
• Eugenius II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1821–1822)
• Anthimus III, Ecumenical Patriarch (1822–1824)
• Chrysanthus I, Ecumenical Patriarch (1824–1826)
• Agathangelus I, Ecumenical Patriarch (1826–1830)
• Constantius I, Ecumenical Patriarch (1830–1834)
• Constantius II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1834–1835)
• Gregory VI, Ecumenical Patriarch (1835–1840)
• Anthimus IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1840–1841)
• Anthimus V, Ecumenical Patriarch (1841–1842)
• Germanus IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1842–1845)
• Meletius III, Ecumenical Patriarch (1845)
• Anthimus VI, Ecumenical Patriarch (1845–1848)
• Anthimus IV (1848–1852), restored
• Germanus IV (1852–1853), restored
• Anthimus VI (1853–1855), restored 1st time
• Cyril VII, Ecumenical Patriarch (1855–1860)
• Joachim II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1860–1863)
• Sophronius III, Ecumenical Patriarch (1863–1866)
• Gregory VI (1867–1871), restored
• Anthimus VI (1871–1873), restored 2nd time
• Joachim II (1873–1878), restored
• Joachim III, Ecumenical Patriarch (1878–1884, 1901–1912)
• Joachim IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1884–1887)
• Dionysius V, Ecumenical Patriarch (1887–1891)
• Neophytus VIII, Ecumenical Patriarch (1891–1894)
• Anthimus VII, Ecumenical Patriarch (1895–1896)
• Constantine V, Ecumenical Patriarch (1897–1901)

• Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria –

• Parthenios II, Pope and Patriarch (1788–1805)
• Theophilos III, Pope and Patriarch (1805–1825)
• Ierotheos I, Pope and Patriarch (1825–1845)
• Artemios I, Pope and Patriarch (1845–1847)
• Ierotheos II, Pope and Patriarch (1847–1858)
• Kallinikos I, Pope and Patriarch (1858–1861)
• Iakovos I (or II), Pope and Patriarch (1861–1866)
• Chrysanthos of Pentapolis, Pope and Patriarch (1866–1866)
• Nikanor I, 0 (1866–1869)
• Evgenios Xiropotamitis, 0 (1866–1868)
• Nilos of Pentapolis (acting), 0 (1869–1869)
• Nilos I, 0 (1869–1870)
• ?, 0 (1870–0)
• Sophronios IV, 0 (1870–1899)
• Meletios Apostolopoulos, 0 (1899–1900)
• Photios I, 0 (1900–1925)

• Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch –

• Anthemios I, Patriarch (1792–1813)
• Seraphim I, Patriarch (1813–1823)
• Methodios I, Patriarch (1823–1850)
• Ierotheos I, Patriarch (1850–1885)
• Seraphim of Irinoupolis, Patriarch (1885–1885)
• Gerasimos I, 0 (1885–1891)
• Seraphim of Irinoupolis, 0 (1891–1891)
• Spyridon I, 0 (1891–1898)
• Germanos of Tarsos, 0 (1898–1899)
• ?, 0 (0–1898)
• Meletios of Laodikia, 0 (1898–1899)
• ?, 0 (0–1899)
• Meletios II, 0 (1899–1906)

• Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem –

• Anthimos I, Patriarch (1788–1808)
• Polykarpos I, Patriarch (1808–1827)
• Athanasios V, Patriarch (1827–1844)
• Kyrillos II, Patriarch (1845–1872)
• Prokopios of Petra, Patriarch (1872–1872)
• Prokopios II, Patriarch (1872–1875)
• Iosaph of Philadelphia, Patriarch (1875–1875)
• Ierotheos I, Patriarch (1875–1882)
• Nikiphoros of Petra, Patriarch (1882–1882)
• Photios I, Patriarch (1882–1883)
• Nikiphoros of Petra, Patriarch (1883–1883)
• Nikodimos I, Patriarch (1883–1890)
• Nikiphoros of Petra, Patriarch (1890–1891)
• Gerasimos I, Patriarch (1891–1897)
• Damianos of Philadelphia, Patriarch (1897–1897)
• Damianos I, Patriarch (1897–1918)

• Russian Orthodox Church (complete list) –

• Platon II, Metropolitan of Moscow (1775–1811)
• Avgustin, Metropolitan of Moscow (1811–1819)
• Serafim, Metropolitan of Moscow (1819–1821)
• Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow (1821–1867)
• Innocent of Alaska, also Metropolitan of Moscow (1868–1879)
• Makary I, Metropolitan of Moscow (1879–1882)
• Ioanniky, Metropolitan of Moscow (1882–1891)
• Leonty, Metropolitan of Moscow (1891–1893)
• Sergy, Metropolitan of Moscow (1893–1898)
• Vladimir, Metropolitan of Moscow (1898–1912)
• Amvrosy, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (1799–1818)
• Mikhail, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (1818–1821)
• Serafim, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (1821–1843)
• Antony, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (1843–1848)
• Nikanor, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (1848–1856)
• Grigory, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (1856–1860)
• Isidor, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (1860–1892)
• Pallady, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (1892–1898)
• Antony, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (1899–1912)

• Serbian Orthodox Church –

• Methodius, Metropolitan of Belgrade, (1791–1801)
• Leontije Lambrović, Metropolitan of Belgrade (1801–1810)
• Hadži Melentije Stevanović, Metropolitan of Belgrade (1810–1813)
• Dionisije II, Metropolitan of Belgrade (1813–1815)
• Agathangelus, Metropolitan of Belgrade (1815–1825)
• Melentije Pavlović, Metropolitan of Belgrade (1815–1816)
• Kiril, Metropolitan of Belgrade (1825–1827)
• Antim, Metropolitan of Belgrade (1827–1830)

• Serbian Orthodox Church –

• Melentije Pavlović, Metropolitan of Serbia (1831–1833)
• Petar Jovanović, Metropolitan of Serbia (1833–1859)
• Mihailo Jovanović, Metropolitan of Serbia (1859–1881)
• Mojsije Veresić of Timok, Metropolitan of Serbia (1881–1883)
• Teodosije Mraović, Metropolitan of Serbia (1883–1889)
• Mihailo Jovanović, Metropolitan of Serbia (1889–1898)
• Inokentije Pavlović, Metropolitan of Serbia (1898–1905)

• Serbian Orthodox Church inside Austrian Empire –

• Stefan Stratimirović, (1790–1836)
• Stefan Stanković, (1836–1837)
• Stefan Stanković, (1837–1841)
• Georgije Hranislav, (1841–1842)
• Josif Rajačić, (1842–1848)
• Josif Rajačić, Metropolitan of Karlovci and Patriarch of the Serb (1848–1861)
• Samuilo Maširević, Metropolitan of Karlovci and Patriarch of the Serb (1861–1870)
• Arsenije Stojković, Metropolitan of Karlovci and Patriarch of the Serb (1870–1872)
• Nikanor Grujić, Metropolitan of Karlovci and Patriarch of the Serb (1872–1874)
• Prokopije Ivačković, Metropolitan of Karlovci and Patriarch of the Serb (1874–1879)
• German Anđelić, Metropolitan of Karlovci and Patriarch of the Serb (1879–1888)
• Georgije Branković, Metropolitan of Karlovci and Patriarch of the Serb (1888–1907)

• Romanian Orthodox Church –

• Dositheos, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (1793–1810)
• Ignatios II, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (1810–1812)
• Nektarios, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (1812–1819)
• Dionysios II, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (1819–1821)
• Grigorios III, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (1823–1834)
• Commission, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (1834–1840)
• Ilarion of Arges, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (0–0)
• Neophytos of Ramnic, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (0–0)
• Kaisarios of Buzău, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (0–0)
• Neophytos II, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (1840–1849)
• Nifon II, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (1850–1865)
• Nifon, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia and Primate of All Romania (1865–1875)
• Calinic, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia and Primate of All Romania (1875–1886)
• Iosif, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia and Primate of All Romania (1886–1893)
• Ghenadie, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia and Primate of All Romania (1893–1896)
• Iosif, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia and Primate of All Romania (1896–1909)

• Bulgarian Orthodox Church –

• Mattheos, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1797–1802)
• Daniil, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1802–1805)
• Makarios II, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1806–1817)
• Ioannikios, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1817–1821)
• Ilarion, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1821–1827)
• Konstantios, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1827–1830)
• Ilarion, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1830–1838)
• Panaretos, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1838–1840)
• Neophytos, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1840–1846)
• Athanasios II, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1846–1848)
• Neophytos, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1848–1858)
• Grigorios, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1858–1878)
• ?, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1872–0)
• Ilarion, Exarch of the Bulgarian (1872–1872)
• Antim, Exarch of the Bulgarian (1872–1877)
• Iosif, Exarch of the Bulgarian (1877–1915)

• Georgian Orthodox Church –

• Anton II, Catholicos-Patriarch of Georgia (1788–1811)
• Varlaam, Exarch of Georgia (1811–1817)
• Theophilakt, Exarch of Georgia (1817–1821)
• Iona, Exarch of Georgia (1821–1832)
• Moisey, Exarch of Georgia (1832–1834)
• Evgeniy, Exarch of Georgia (1834–1844)
• Isidor, Exarch of Georgia (1844–1858)
• Evseviy, Exarch of Georgia (1858–1877)
• Ioannikiy, Exarch of Georgia (1877–1882)
• Pavel, Exarch of Georgia (1882–1887)
• Palladiy, Exarch of Georgia (1887–1892)
• Vladimir, Exarch of Georgia (1892–1898)
• Flavian, Exarch of Georgia (1898–1901)

• Orthodox Church of Cyprus –

• Chrysanthos, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1784–1810)
• Kyprianos, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1810–1821)
• Ioakim, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1821–1824)
• Damaskinos, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1824–1827)
• Panaretos, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1827–1840)
• Ioannikios, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1840–1849)
• Kyrillos I, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1849–1854)
• Makarios I, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1854–1865)
• Sophronios III, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1865–1900)
• vacant, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1900–1908)

• Orthodox Church of Greece –

• Grigorios III, Metropolitan of Athens (1799–1820)
• Dionysios II, Metropolitan of Athens (1820–1823)
• vacant, Metropolitan of Athens (1823–1827)
• Grigorios IV, Metropolitan of Athens (1827–1828)
• Anthimos VII, Metropolitan of Athens (1828–1833)
• Neophytos V, Metaxas, Metropolitan of Athens and All Greece (1833–1862)

• Misail, Metropolitan of Athens and All Greece (1862–1862)
• Theophilos, Metropolitan of Athens and All Greece (1862–1873)

• Prokopios I Georgiadis, Metropolitan of Athens and All Greece (1874–1889)

• Germanos II Kalligas, Metropolitan of Athens and All Greece (1889–1896)

• Prokopios II Oikonomidis, Metropolitan of Athens and All Greece (1896–1901)

• Albanian Orthodox Church –

• Efthymios, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1783–1805)
• Samouil, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1805–1820)
• Chrysanthos, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1820–1833)
• Gerasimos, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1833–1837)
• Anthimos II, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (0–1844)
• Anthimos III, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1844–1845)
• Ioannikios, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1845–1858)
• Gennadios, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1858–1858)
• Afxentios, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1858–1859)
• Iosiph, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1859–1867)
• Vissarion, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1867–1899)
• Prokopios, Metropolitan of Durrës and Gora (1899–1906)

• Orthodox Church in America –
  • List of primates of the Orthodox Church in America

• Orthodox Church of Mount Sinai –

• Konstantios II, Archbishop of Sinai (1804–1859)
• Kyrillos II, Archbishop of Sinai (1859–1867)
• Kallistratos, Archbishop of Sinai (1867–1885)
• Porphyrios I, Archbishop of Sinai (1885–1904)

• Montenegrin Orthodox Church –

• Petar I, Metropolitan (vladika) (1782–1830)
• Petar II, Metropolitan (vladika) (1830–1851)
• Pero Petrović-Njegoš, Metropolitan (vladika) (1851–1852)
• Danilo II, Metropolitan (vladika) (1852–1852)
• Nikanor Ivanović-Njegoš, Metropolitan (1853–1860)
• Ilarion Roganović, Metropolitan (1860–1882)
• Visarion III Ljubisa, Metropolitan (1882–1884)
• Mitrofan Ban, Metropolitan (1884–1920)

• Orthodox Church of Japan –

• Nicholas, Bishop (1880–1906)
• Nicholas, Metropolitan of All Japan (1906–1912)

• Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) –
  • Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) § List of Primates

• Orthodox Church of Macedonia / under Patriarchate of Constantinople –

• Anthimos III, Metropolitan of Skopje (1799–1820)
• Ioasaph, Metropolitan of Skopje (1820–1823)
• Ananias, Metropolitan of Skopje (1823–1828)
• Neophytos, Metropolitan of Skopje (1828–1831)
• Gennadios, Metropolitan of Skopje (1831–1832)
• Gavriil III, Metropolitan of Skopje (1832–1844)
• Ioakim, Metropolitan of Skopje (1844–1868)
• Paisios, Metropolitan of Skopje (1868–1891)
• Methodios II, Metropolitan of Skopje (1891–1896)
• Amvrosios Stavrinos, Αμβρόσιος Σταυρινός, Амвросиос Ставринос, Metropolitan of Skopje (1896–1899)
• Firmilianos, Фирмилиан, Metropolitan of Skopje (1899–1903)Dean of Theological School of Bengrade

• Old Believers –

• Sofrony, Archbishop of Moscow (1847–1863)
• Antony, Archbishop of Moscow (1863–1881)
• Antony Guslitsky (in opposition), Archbishop of Moscow (1863–1870)
• Iov (in opposition), Archbishop of Moscow (1871–1912)
• Savvaty, Archbishop of Moscow (1881–1898)
• Ioann, Archbishop of Moscow (1898–1915)

• Armenian Apostolic Church –

• Hovsep' Arlut'ean, Catholicose of All Armenian (1800–1801)
• Dawit' V, Catholicose of All Armenian (1801–1807)
• Daniel (in opposition), Catholicose of All Armenian (1802–1808)
• Yeprem, Catholicose of All Armenian (1810–1830)
• Hovhannes VIII, Catholicose of All Armenian (1831–1842)
• Nerses V, Catholicose of All Armenian (1843–1857)
• Matevos I, Catholicose of All Armenian (1858–1865)
• Gevorg IV, Catholicose of All Armenian (1866–1882)
• vacant, Catholicose of All Armenian (1882–1885)
• Makar, Catholicose of All Armenian (1885–1891)
• Mkrtich, Catholicose of All Armenian (1892–1907)

• Simeon V, Catholicose of Aluank' (1794–1810)
• Sargis Hasan-Jalalean, Catholicose of Aluank' (1810–1815)

• Armenian Apostolic Church –

• Giragos I, Catholicose of Cilicia (1797–1822)
• Yeprem II, Catholicose of Cilicia (1822–1833)
• Mikael II, Catholicose of Cilicia (1833–1855)
• Giragos II, Catholicose of Cilicia (1855–1865)
• Giragos, Catholicose of Cilicia (1866–1871)
• Mkrtich I, Catholicose of Cilicia (1871–1894)
• Grigor (acting), Catholicose of Cilicia (1895–0)

• Coptic Orthodox Church, (List of Coptic Popes|complete list) –

• Mark VIII, Pope and Patriarch (1797–1810)
• Peter VII, Pope and Patriarch (1810–1852)
• vacant (1852–1854)
• Cyril IV, Pope and Patriarch (1854–1861)
• Demetrius II, Pope and Patriarch (1862–1870)
• Markos of Alexandria and Beheirah, Pope and Patriarch (1870–1874)
• Cyril V, Pope and Patriarch (1874–1927)

• Ethiopian Church –

• Yosab, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1770–1803)
• vacant (1803-1808)
• Makarios, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (c. 1808)
• vacant (1808-1816)
• Kyrillos III, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1816–1829)
• vacant (1829-1841)
• Salama III, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1841–1866)
• vacant (1866-1868)
• Atnatewos II, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1868–1876)
• Petros VII, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1876–1889)
• Mattheos, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1889–1926)

• Syriac Orthodox Church –

• Ignatius Matthew, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East (1782–1817)
• Ignatius Yunan, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East (1817–1819)
• Ignatius George V, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East (1819–1836)
• Ignatius Elias II, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East (1838–1847)
• Ignatius Jacob II, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East (1847–1871)
• Ignatius Peter IV, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East (1872–1894)
• Ignatius Abdul Masih II, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East (1895–1905)

• Malabar Independent Syrian Church –

• Kattumanghattu Abraham Koorilos I, Metropolitan (1772–1802)
• Geevargheese Koorilose II, Metropolitan (1802–1807)
• Zacharia Philexenos I, Metropolitan (1807–1811)
• Geevarghese Philexenos II, Metropolitan (1811–1829)
• Geevarghese Koorilose III, Metropolitan (1829–1856)
• Joseph Koorilose IV, Metropolitan (1856–1888)
• Joseph Athanasius I, Metropolitan (1888–1898)
• Geevarghese Koorilose V, Metropolitan (1898–1935)

• National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. —

• W. H. Alpine, President (1880–1882)
• J. Q. A. Wilhite, President (1882–1883)
• J. A. Foster, President (1883–1884)
• W. A. Brinkley, President (1884–1885)
• William J. Simmons, President (1885–1890)
• E. W. Brawley, President (1890–1891)
• M. Vann, President (1891–1893)
• Elias Camp Morris, President (1895–1922)

• Union of the Russian Baptists —

• Johann Wieler, President (1884–1887)
• Dey Mazayev, President (1887–1909)

• Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod –

• Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm Walther, President (1847–1850; 1864–1878)
• Friedrich Conrad Dietrich Wyneken, President (1850–1864)
• Heinrich Christian Schwan, President (1878–1899)
• Franz August Otto Pieper, President (1899–1911)

• Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod –

• Johannes Muehlhaeuser, President (1849–1860)
• John Bading, President (1860–1864)
• Gottlieb Reim, President (1864–1865)
• William Streissguth, President (1865–1867)
• John Bading, President (1867–1887)
• Phillip von Rohr, President (1887–1908)

• Swedish Church –

• Uno von Troil, Archbishop of Uppsala (1786–1803)
• Jacob Axelsson Lindblom, Archbishop of Uppsala (1805–1819)
• Carl von Rosenstein, Archbishop of Uppsala (1819–1836)
• Johan Olof Wallin, Archbishop of Uppsala (1837–1839)
• Carl Fredrik af Wingård, Archbishop of Uppsala (1839–1851)
• Hans Olof Holmström, Archbishop of Uppsala (1852–1855)
• Henrik Reuterdahl, Archbishop of Uppsala (1856–1870)
• Anton Niklas Sundberg, Archbishop of Uppsala (1870–1900)
• Johan August Ekman, Archbishop of Uppsala (1900–1913)

• Finnish Church –

• Jakob Gadolin, Bishop of Turku (1788–1802)
• Jakob Tengström, Bishop of Turku (1803–1817), Bishop (1817–1832)
• Erik Gabriel Melartin, Bishop (1833–1847)
• Edvard Bergenheim, Bishop (1850–1884)
• Torsten Thure Renvall, Bishop (1884–1898)
• Gustaf Johansson, Bishop (1899–1930)

• Christian and Missionary Alliance –

• Albert Benjamin Simpson, Founder and President (1887–1919)

• Seventh-day Adventists –

• John Byington, President of the General Conference (1863–1865)
• James White, President of the General Conference (1865–1867; 1869–1871; 1874–1880
• J. N. Andrews, President of the General Conference (1867–1869)
• George I. Butler, President of the General Conference (1871–1874; 1880–1888)
• Ole Andres Olsen, President of the General Conference (1888–1897)
• George A. Irwin, President of the General Conference (1897–1901)

• Salvation Army (complete list) –

• William Booth, Founder and General (1865–1912)

• New Apostolic Church –

• Fritz Krebs, Chief apostle (1895–1905)

• Church of England –

• Formal leadership: Supreme Governor of the Church of England (complete list) –

• George III, Supreme Governor (1760–1820)
• George IV, Supreme Governor (1820–1830)
• William IV, Supreme Governor (1830–1837)
• Victoria, Supreme Governor (1837–1901)

• Effective leadership: Archbishops of Canterbury (complete list) –

• John Moore, Archbishop (1783–1805)
• Charles Manners-Sutton, Archbishop (1805–1828)
• William Howley, Archbishop (1828–1848)
• John Bird Sumner, Archbishop (1848–1862)
• Charles Thomas Longley, Archbishop (1862–1868)
• Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop (1868–1882)
• Edward White Benson, Archbishop (1883–1896)
• Frederick Temple, Archbishop (1896–1902)

• Anglican Church of Australia (complete list)–

• William Broughton, Primate (1847–1853)
• Frederic Barker, Primate (1854–1853)
• Alfred Barry, Primate (1884–1889)
• Saumarez Smith, Primate (1890–1909)

• Episcopal Church (United States) (complete list) –

• William White, Presiding Bishop (1795–1836)
• Alexander Griswold, Presiding Bishop (1836–1843)
• Philander Chase, Presiding Bishop (1843–1852)
• Thomas Brownell, Presiding Bishop (1852–1865)
• John Hopkins, Presiding Bishop (1865–1868)
• Benjamin Smith, Presiding Bishop (1868–1884)
• Alfred Lee, Presiding Bishop (1884–1887)
• John Williams, Presiding Bishop (1887–1899)
• Thomas Clark, Presiding Bishop (1899–1903)

• Assyrian Church of the East, line 1 –

• Eliyya XIII Isho-Yab, Patriarch (1778–1804)

• Assyrian Church of the East, line 2 –

• Shimoun XVI Yohanan, Patriarch (1780–1820)
• Shimoun XVII Abraham, Patriarch (1820–1861)
• Shimoun XVIII Rouel, Patriarch (1861–1903)

• Latter Day Saint movement –

• Joseph Smith, President of the Church (1830–1844)

• The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

• Brigham Young, President of the Church (1847-1877)
• John Taylor, President of the Church (1880-1887)
• Wilford Woodruff, President of the Church (1889-1898)
• Lorenzo Snow, President of the Church (1898-1901)

• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)

• James Strang, President and King (1844-1856)

• Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

• Joseph Smith III, Prophet-President of the Church (1860-1914)

• Ottoman Empire, (complete list) -

• Selim III, Caliph (1789–1807)
• Mustafa IV, Caliph (1807–1808)
• Mahmud II, Caliph (1808–1839)
• Abdülmecid I, Caliph (1839–1861)
• Abdülaziz, Caliph (1861–1876)
• Murad V, Caliph (1876)
• Abdul Hamid II, Caliph (1876–1909)

• Sokoto Caliphate, West Africa (complete list) -

• Usman dan Fodio, Caliph (1809–1817)
• Muhammed Bello, Caliph (1817–1837)
• Abu Bakr Atiku, Caliph (1837–1842)
• Ali Babba bin Bello, Caliph (1842–1859)
• Ahmadu Atiku, Caliph (1859–1866)
• Aliu Karami, Caliph (1866–1867)
• Ahmadu Rufai, Caliph (1867–1873)
• Abubakar II Atiku na Raba, Caliph (1873–1877)
• Mu'azu, Caliph (1877–1881)
• Umaru bin Ali, Caliph (1881–1891)
• Abdur Rahman Atiku, Caliph (1891–1902)

• Twelver Islam

• Imams (complete list) –

• Muhammad al-Mahdi, Imam (874–present) Shia belief holds that he was hidden by Allah in 874.
• Marja

• Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi(1843-1849)
• Murtadha al-Ansari(1849-1864)
• Mirza Shirazi(1864-1895)
• Muhammad Kazim Khurasani(1895-1911)

• Nizari Isma'ilism (complete list) –

• Shāh Khalīlullāh III, Imam (1792–1817)
• Aga Khan I, Imam (1818–1881)
• Aga Khan II, Imam (1881–1885)
• Aga Khan III, Imam (1885–1957)

• Zaidiyyah (complete list) –

• al-Mansur Ali I, Imam (1775–1809)
• al-Mutawakkil Ahmad, Imam (1809–1816)
• al-Mahdi Abdallah, Imam (1816–1835)
• al-Mansur Ali II, Imam (1835–1837, 1844–1845, 1849–1850, 1851)
• an-Nasir Abdallah, Imam (1837–1840)
• al-Hadi Muhammad, Imam (1840–1844)
• al-Mutawakkil Muhammad, Imam (1845–1849)
• al-Mansur Ahmad, Imam (1849–1853)
• al-Mu'ayyad Abbas, Imam (1850)
• al-Hadi Ghalib, Imam (1851–1852, 1858–1872)
• al-Mansur Muhammad bin Abdallah, Imam (1853)
• al-Mutawakkil al-Muhsin, Imam (1855–1878)
• al-Mansur al-Husayn III, Imam (1859–1863)
• al-Hadi Sharaf ad-Din, Imam (1878–1890)
• al-Mansur Muhammad bin Yahya Hamid ad-Din, Imam (1890–1904)

• Dawoodi Bohra –

• Abde Ali Saifuddin, Dai al-Mutlaq (1799–1817)
• Mohammed Ezzuddin, Dai al-Mutlaq (1817–1821)
• Tayyeb Zainuddin, Dai al-Mutlaq (1821–1836)
• Syedna Mohammed Badruddin, Dai al-Mutlaq (1836–1840)
• Abdul Qadir Najmuddin, Dai al-Mutlaq (1840–1885)
• Abdul Husain Husamuddin, Dai al-Mutlaq (1885–1891)
• Mohammad Burhanuddin, Dai al-Mutlaq (1891–1905)

• Ahmadiyya –

• Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder (1889–1908)

• Chabad Hasidism –

• Shneur Zalman of Liadi, Lubavitcher Rebbe (1780–1812)
• Dovber Schneuri, Lubavitcher Rebbe (1812–1827)
• Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, Lubavitcher Rebbe (1827–1866)
• Shmuel Schneersohn, Lubavitcher Rebbe (1866–1882)
• Sholom Dovber Schneersohn, Lubavitcher Rebbe (1882–1920)

• British Empire (complete list) -

• Solomon Hirschell, Chief Rabbi (1802–1842)
• Nathan Marcus Adler, Chief Rabbi (1845–1890)
• Hermann Adler, Chief Rabbi (1891–1911)

• Ottoman Empire –

• Hayim Yakup Benyakar, Chief Rabbi (1800–1835)
• Abraham Levi, Chief Rabbi (1835–1839)
• Samuel Hayim, Chief Rabbi (1839–1841)
• Moiz Fresko, Chief Rabbi (1841–1854)
• Yakup Avigdor, Chief Rabbi (1854–1870)
• Yakir Geron, Chief Rabbi (1870–1872)
• Mose Levi, Chief Rabbi (1872–1909)

• Baháʼí Faith –

• Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Baháʼí Faith (1863–1892)
• `Abdu'l-Bahá, successor and head of the Baháʼí Faith (1892–1921)

• Religious leaders by year
• List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)
• List of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900)
• List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century

• http://www.rulers.org/relig.html