Khelrtva
| Part of a series on |
| Georgians |
|---|
| Etymology • History • Kartvelian studies |
A khelrtva (Georgian: ხელრთვა, lit. 'graced by hand')[a] is a Georgian calligraphic joined-up[1] style signature, monogram or seal, originally used by the Georgian monarchs, queens consort, patriarchs, royalty and nobility,[2][3][4] universally used since the early eleventh century.[5]
Khelrtva signatures were written in one of the three Georgian scripts, mostly in Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli scripts, though the monograms particularly the royal ones were designed in Asomtavruli script. Every Georgian monarch had their own individual khelrtva and was known as საუფლოჲ ხელი[6] (sauploy kheli) literally meaning 'Hand of the Lord'. The tradition of khelrtvas is still in use in Georgia.[7]
Khelrtvas
Kings
-
Khelrtva of King Bagrat IV
-
Khelrtva of King George IV
-
Khelrtva of King Vakhtang VI
-
Khelrtva of King Solomon II
-
Khelrtva of King George XII
Queens regnant
Queens consort
-
Khelrtva of Queen consort Ketevan the Martyr
-
Khelrtva of Queen consort Darejan of Kakheti
-
Khelrtva of Queen consort Mariam Dadiani
Patriarchs
Presidents, Prime Ministers, Speakers
-
Khelrtva of President Salome Zurabishvili
-
Khelrtva of Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze
-
Khelrtva of Speaker Shalva Papuashvili
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Khelrtva.
- Huaya (Japanese: 花押), stylised calligraphic signatures used in East Asia
- Tughra (Ottoman Turkish: طغرا), stylised Arabic signatures used by Ottoman sultans
Notes
References
- ^ Rayfield, Donald (2006) A Comprehensive Georgian-English Dictionary, location 266910, Garnet Publishing, ISBN 978-0-9535878-3-4
- ^ საგამომცემლო ლექსიკონი/ავტ.-შემდგ.: ვახტანგ დოხნაძე; [რედ.: მურმან სუხიშვილი; მხატვ.: ვახტანგ რურუა]. - [მე-2 შესწ. და შევს. გამოც.]. - თბ.: საგამომც. საქმის სასწ. ცენტრი, 2006. - 305გვ.; 20სმ.. - ბიბლიოგრ.: გვ. 301–304. (Publishing dictionary, edited by: Vakhtang Dokhnadze; Ed. Murman Sukhishvili; Artist: Vakhtang Rurua, Case Study Center, 2006. Bibliography: p. 301–304. - ISBN 99928-998-1-6 : [ფ.ა.]
- ^ National Parliamentary Library of Georgia: ხელრთვა
- ^ ეროვნულ არქივში XI – XVIII საუკუნეების დოკუმენტებზე არსებული ხელრთვების კატალოგი მომზადდა (A catalog of carvings on documents of the XI - XVIII centuries in the National Archives) Archived 2014-03-10 at the Wayback Machine National Archives of Georgia
- ^ Kviris Palitra (2015) ქართველ მეფეთა ხელრთვანი (Khelrtvas of the Georgian kings), [online publication date: 2017, August 19]
- ^ Makharadze, Z. (2000) Archives of Georgia, Dictionary, Publishing Dixie, Tbilisi, p. 42
- ^ Sinauridze, A. Hand of the Lord Karibche, 04.02.2010
External links
- Khelrtva: Vignettes and Monograms Γεωργιανά Χειρόγραφα Ιεράς Μονής Ιβήρων Αγίου Όρους
- ჯიმშერ რეხვიაშვილი ხელრთვა - ისტორიისა და ხელნაწერის მშვენება (Jimsher Rekhviashvili - The Beauty of History and Manuscript) Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
- ოთხი რესტავრირებული ეტრატი "განადგურებას გადარჩენილი საბუთები საცავში ბრუნდება" თამარ კიკნაველიძე, 24 საათი (Four Restored Etrats Documents Surviving the Destruction Returned to the Repository, Tamar Kiknavelidze)