Cacteae
| Cacteae | |
|---|---|
| Leuchtenbergia principis flower | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Tribe: | Cacteae Rchb. |
| Type genus | |
| Mammillaria | |
Cacteae is a tribe of plants of the family Cactaceae found mainly in North America especially Mexico.[1] As of August 2018, the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insights from the molecular studies was produced by Nyffeler and Eggli in 2010.[2] The main threats to cactus species are poaching, farming, mining developments, and climate change.[3]
Description
The spherical to short columnar plants grow individually or in cushions. Their size varies from dwarf (Turbinicarpus) to huge (Ferocactus). The non-segmented shoot axis is ribbed (Echinocactus), warty (Coryphantha) or ribbed-warty. The size and shape of the warts ranges from long and leafy (Leuchtenbergia) to broad with flat axillae (Turbinicarpus). The areoles are usually oval, ribbon-like, grooved, or dimorphic. The small to medium-sized, regular to rarely bilaterally symmetrical flowers appear below the crown and open during the day. The fruits are fleshy to juicy berry-like, with a scaly to glabrous pericarp. They are bursting to non-bursting or simply crumbling. The small to large seeds vary in shape and surface structure of the seed coat.
Genera
The classification of cacti is in flux; the following list of genera is that from Nyffeler and Eggli (2010).[2] with species updated from Plants of the World Online.
| Image | Genus | Living species |
|---|---|---|
| Acharagma (N.P.Taylor) Zimmerman ex Glass |
| |
| Ariocarpus Scheidw. |
| |
| Astrophytum Lem. |
| |
| Aztekium Boed. |
| |
| Cochemiea (K.Brandegee) Walton[4] |
| |
| Coryphantha (Engelm.) Lem. |
| |
| Echinocactus Link & Otto |
| |
| Epithelantha F.A.C.Weber ex Britton & Rose |
| |
| Ferocactus Britton & Rose |
| |
| Geohintonia Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur. |
| |
| Homalocephala Britton & Rose |
| |
| Kadenicarpus Doweld[5] |
| |
| Kroenleinia Lodé |
| |
| Leuchtenbergia Hook. |
| |
| Lophophora J.M.Coult. |
| |
| Mammillaria Haw. |
| |
| Neolloydia Britton & Rose |
| |
| Obregonia Fric |
| |
| Ortegocactus Alexander |
| |
| PediocactusBritton & Rose |
| |
| Pelecyphora C.Ehrenb. |
| |
| Rapicactus Buxb. & Oehme[5]) |
| |
| Sclerocactus Britton & Rose |
| |
| Stenocactus (K.Schum.) A.Berger |
| |
| Strombocactus Britton & Rose |
| |
| Thelocactus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose |
| |
| Turbinicarpus (Backeb.) Buxb. & Backeb. |
|
The type genus is Mammillaria.
References
- ^ Arthur C. Gibson; Park S. Nobel (11 October 1990). The Cactus Primer. Harvard University Press. p. 253. ISBN 9780674089914.
- ^ a b Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U. (2010). "A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae". Schumannia. 6: 109–149. doi:10.5167/uzh-43285.
- ^ Breslin, Peter B.; Wojciechowski, Martin F.; Albuquerque, Fabio (December 2020). "Projected climate change threatens significant range contraction of Cochemiea halei (Cactaceae), an island endemic, serpentine‐adapted plant species at risk of extinction". Ecology and Evolution. 10 (23): 13211–13224. doi:10.1002/ece3.6914. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 7713919. PMID 33304531.
- ^ Breslin, Peter B.; Wojciechowski, Martin F. & Majure, Lucas C. (2021), "Molecular phylogeny of the Mammilloid clade (Cactaceae) resolves the monophyly of Mammillaria", Taxon, 70 (2): 308–323, doi:10.1002/tax.12451
- ^ a b Vázquez-sánchez, Monserrat; Sánchez, Daniel; Terrazas, Teresa; De La Rosa-Tilapa, Alejandro & Arias, Salvador (2019), "Polyphyly of the iconic cactus genus Turbinicarpus (Cactaceae) and its generic circumscription", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 190 (4): 405–420, doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boz027