Alexandra Paul
Alexandra Paul | |
|---|---|
Paul in 2012 | |
| Born | Alexandra Elizabeth Paul July 29, 1963 New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Citizenship |
|
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Spouse |
Ian Murray (m. 2000) |
Alexandra Elizabeth Paul (born July 29, 1963)[1][2] is an American actress and activist. She began her career modeling in New York before landing her first major role in John Carpenter's horror film Christine (1983). This was followed with prominent roles in Just the Way You Are (1984), American Flyers (1985), 8 Million Ways to Die (1986), and Dragnet (1987). She starred as Stephanie Holden in five seasons of the television series Baywatch from (1992-97).[3]
Early life
Paul was born in New York City to Sarah, a social worker from the United Kingdom, and Mark Paul, an American investment banker.[4] Paul was raised alongside her identical twin sister, Caroline, and younger brother, Jonathan, in the rural town of Cornwall, Connecticut.[5] According to Paul, her mother was "a very liberal Democrat and [her] father was a very conservative Republican."[6] Her twin sister Caroline has been a San Francisco firefighter (where she is often mistaken as Alexandra) and best-selling author.[7] Her brother, Jonathan, was an animal rights activist and is currently a wild land firefighter in Oregon.[8]
Paul attended the Cornwall Consolidated School, and the Groton School in Massachusetts.[9] At ages 17 and 18, Paul underwent two major abdominal operations to remove choledochal cysts, which left her with a scar spanning from her sternum to her navel.[10] Paul was accepted into Stanford University, but chose not to attend so that she could focus on an acting career.[11]
Career
Paul worked prominently in television from the late 1980s onward, perhaps most recognizable in her starring role on Baywatch, from 1992 to 1997. Paul began her career working as a model in New York City, and later moved to Los Angeles when she decided to pursue a career in acting.[11] Her first role was in the independent Canadian horror film American Nightmare (filmed in 1980 but released in 1983), followed by the television film Paper Dolls (1982). Paul then landed a leading role in John Carpenter's horror film Christine (1983), opposite Keith Gordon, followed by a supporting role in the comedy Just the Way You Are (1984).
She later appeared in the sport drama American Flyers (1985) with Kevin Costner, 8 Million Ways to Die (1986), and the comedy Dragnet (1987), opposite Tom Hanks and Dan Aykroyd.[12] She also starred in the films Death Train (1993) and Nightwatch (1995) opposite Christopher Lee and Pierce Brosnan, as well as the horror films The Paperboy (1994) and Spectre (1996).
Since 1999, she has starred in 15 films for Lifetime Network. She has also starred in the Fox TV series Fire Company 132 and appeared in the last eight episodes of Melrose Place. She guest-starred on Mad Men in 2008. She hosted non-fiction TV shows, including WE's Winning Women and a southern California local environmentalism show, Earth Talk Today.[13][14] She made a cameo appearance with Sacha Baron Cohen in Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan in a deleted scene parodying her Baywatch role.[15] She did a cameo in the comedy spoofs Spy Hard and Sharknado: The 4th Awakens.[16]
In 2015, Paul won Indie Series' Best Supporting Actress in a comedy webseries "Mentor" starring and created by Jason Stuart & Paul Elia .[17]
Paul co-wrote and co-produced two documentaries: Jampacked, a documentary on the world population crisis, and The Cost of Cool: Finding Happiness in a Materialistic World. Jampacked received a Bronze Apple Award and first place recognition at the EarthVision Environmental Film and Video Festival. The Cost of Cool won a 2001 CINE Golden Eagle Award. She also produced eight PSAs on the benefits of driving electric vehicles for the non-profit Plug In America.[18]
In 2019, Paul acted in three movies, among them, Escaping My Stalker. In 2020, she appeared in four projects, and in 2022 she starred in the independent films Tethered and Baby Steps.
For six years (2019-2025), Paul co-hosted the plant based lifestyle podcast Switch4Good with Olympian Dotsie Bausch.[19] In 2024, their show was named Best Vegan Podcast by Mercy for Animals.[20] In 2024, Alexandra was featured in the Hulu docuseries After Baywatch: A Moment in the Sun, an in-depth look at Baywatch and the actors involved in the show.[21]
In 2025, Paul won the Los Angeles Press Club's National Entertainment & Journalism Award for Celebrity Investigative Reporting. She was nominated for her first person account published in The Ankler titled Stalked: a Baywatch Star's 13 Year Nightmare. The two other finalists were from Rolling Stone and Nightline.[22]
Personal life
Paul and triathlon coach Ian Murray have been together since 1995, and they married in 2000. She became a vegetarian at age fourteen after reading the book Diet for a Small Planet by Frances Moore Lappé, and became a vegan in 2010.[11][23]
As an athlete, Paul raced the Hawaii Ironman in 1997.[24] She ran the 2000 Boston Marathon.[25][26] She has also swam the 11 mile Fiji Swim,[27] the 12.5 mile Swim Around Key West[28] and the 2014 Reto Acapulco 14 mile swim,[29] among others.
In 2015, Paul became a certified health coach[30] and had her own wellness coaching business for seven years.[31]
In an article she wrote for The Ankler, she described a 13-year ordeal marked by relentless harassment from an obsessive female fan, which cost her $60,000 in legal fees. The stalker allegedly monitored all of Paul's activities, engaged in dangerous driving by running her off the road, accused her of antisemitism, and falsely claimed her husband was a pedophile. After years of such harassment, the stalker was eventually arrested, deported, returned to the United States, and continued to target Paul and her husband until she died in 2024. Despite numerous legal actions—including restraining orders and federal intervention—the stalker's obsession persisted, greatly affecting Paul's daily life and mental health.[32]
Activism
At the age of 22, Paul co-founded Young Artists United[33] with 21 year old producer and manager Daniel Sladek. YAU was made up of young actors, producers, writers and other Hollywood creatives working together to have a positive effect by speaking in schools, raising money for youth organizations and producing PSAs. It was honored by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). Paul is also an animal rights, environmental, peace and gay rights activist.[9] She walked 5+1⁄2 weeks on the Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament in 1986. Paul has been arrested for civil disobedience over a dozen times at the Nevada Test Site between 1987 and 2000.[34] In 1989, she was arrested for peacefully advocating on behalf of people with HIV.[35] She was arrested twice in 2003 for civil disobedience protesting the Iraq War and spent five days in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Detention Center after refusing to pay the $50 fine. In 2005, she was arrested for protesting the crushing of the EV1, and performed 80–100 hours of community service for electric car organizations.[36][37] Paul's younger brother, Jonathan, is also an animal rights activist, who served 51 months in prison for his role in the arson of a slaughterhouse.[38]
She has traveled to Nicaragua with Operation USA and to South Africa to register voters. Paul volunteered in Sierra Leone with the non profit Population Media Center. She has spoken to dozens of classrooms about the issue of human overpopulation, including several times at San Diego State University and to graduate students at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. In 2006, Paul donated $250 to the Ned Lamont campaign against Joe Lieberman, because Lieberman supported the war in Iraq.[39][40]
Paul was an active member for 9 years of the Santa Monica, CA chapter of Food Not Bombs,[41] where she picked up donations, cooked, and served hot vegan meals to the homeless community every Thursday evening. She also registered voters sitting at a card table on LA street corners for 2 hours a week from 1989 to 2010 with The First Vote.
She received the 2014 Vegan of the Year by Last Chance for Animals,[42] and in 2007 received a United Nations Environment Programme honor for her contribution to overpopulation issues.[43]
In 2016, Paul joined Direct Action Everywhere in an open rescue of several pigs from a factory farm.[44] In 2017, she joined a sit-in at an Oakland, California slaughterhouse and was arrested.[45] In 2018, she was arrested for a civil disobedience action at Sunrise Chicken Farm.[46] In 2019, she was arrested for peacefully protesting at Reichardt Duck Farm and spent two days in Sonoma County jail.[47] In September 2020, Paul and 6 other DxE activists were arrested for trying to rescue a pig from a Farmer John slaughterhouse in Vernon, California.[48] In 2023, Alexandra went to court for rescuing a chicken from a Foster Farms slaughterhouse truck. After a 9 day trial, she was acquitted.[49] In March 2026 she was arrested after trespassing with other activists on a lab breeder facility.[50]
In discussing her political activism, Paul said:
I am sure there are some who do not like me for my outspokenness and my views, and I totally respect their right to boycott my projects. I actually respect folks who stand up for their beliefs — even if I disagree with them — more than the folks who do not care, are afraid to 'get involved', or who cannot be bothered. I admire passion and commitment. A woman once told me she could not watch those slaughterhouse videos because she 'loves animals so much' and it would upset her. I would prefer to hang out with a hunter who believes he is doing the right thing, than a wuss like her.[11]
In March 2026, Paul was arrested for alleged trespassing during an animal rights protest in Blue Mounds, Wisconsin.[51]
Filmography
Film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | American Nightmare | Isabelle | Filmed in 1980 |
| Christine | Leigh Cabot | ||
| 1984 | Just the Way You Are | Bobbie | |
| 1985 | American Flyers | Becky | |
| 1986 | 8 Million Ways to Die | Sunny | |
| 1987 | Dragnet | Connie Swail | |
| 1988 | After the Rain | Annie May Bonner | |
| It's Cool to Care | - | Short | |
| 1991 | Millions | Giulia Ferretti | |
| In Between | Amy Budd | ||
| 1992 | Kuffs | The Chief's Wife | |
| 1993 | Sunset Grill | Anita | |
| 1994 | Nothing to Lose | Natasha | |
| The Paperboy | Melissa Thorpe | ||
| 1995 | Baywatch the Movie: Forbidden Paradise | Stephanie Holden | |
| Cyber Bandits | Rebecca Snow | ||
| Mixed Blessings | Beth | ||
| 1996 | Spy Hard | Woman In Murphy Bed | Cameo appearance |
| Spectre | Maura South | ||
| Kid Cop | Sarah Hansen | ||
| 1997 | Kiss & Tell | Bambi | |
| 1998 | 12 Bucks | Epiphany Lovejoy | |
| 2000 | Revenge | Laura Underwood | |
| The Brainiacs.com | Kara Banks | ||
| 2001 | For the Love of May | Emily | Short |
| Above & Beyond | Jill Amorosa | ||
| 10 Attitudes | Leslie | ||
| Facing the Enemy | Olivia McCleary | ||
| Diary of a Sex Addict | Katherine | ||
| Breaking Up Really Sucks | Charlie | Short | |
| Exposure | Jackie Steerman | ||
| 2002 | Redemption of the Ghost | Audrey Powell | |
| 2003 | A Woman Hunted | Lainie Wheeler | |
| 2006 | Borat | Herself | Deleted scene[15] |
| 2008 | Tru Loved | Leslie | |
| Murder Dot Com | Stacy | ||
| 2009 | Benny Bliss and the Disciples of Greatness | Mall Gal | |
| Christmas Crash | Christine Johnson | ||
| He's Such a Girl | Linda | ||
| Family of Four | Janice Baker | ||
| 2010 | In My Sleep | Roxana | |
| The Boy She Met Online | Tori Winters | ||
| 2011 | Javelina | Lora | |
| 2012 | 16-Love | Margo Mash | |
| The Frankenstein Brothers | Laurie Martinson | ||
| 2014 | Dinner at Le Cruel | Wife | Short |
| Mentor | Alexandra | ||
| 2015 | Flirting with Madness | Detective Kathy Schumaker | |
| 2016 | Dirty | Assistant D.A Sara Dunlap | |
| 2018 | Say Yes | Mrs. Muñoz | |
| 2020 | Finding Sara | Aunt Carrie | |
| The Estate | Bethenny | ||
| Pink Skies Ahead | Mercedes | ||
| 2022 | Tethered | Nidia | |
| Another Coffee House Chronicles Movie | Amy | ||
| 2023 | Baby Steps | Abigail Munoz | |
| 2025 | Redlining | Gloria |
Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | The Hitchhiker | Julie | Episode: "Minuteman" |
| 1992–97 | Baywatch | Stephanie Holden | Main Cast: Season 3–6, Recurring Cast: Season 7 |
| 1993 | What's Up Doc? | Herself | Recurring Guest |
| Johnny Bago | Erica | Episode: "Spotting Elvis" | |
| 1994 | This Is Your Life | Herself | Episode: "David Hasselhoff" |
| 1995 | Wheel of Fortune | Herself/Celebrity Contestant | Episode: "Celebrity Week 4" |
| 1996 | L.A. Firefighters | Firefighter T.K. Martin | Main Cast |
| 1997 | Brass Eye | Herself (voice) | Episode: "Animals" |
| Baywatch Nights | Lieutenant Stephanie Holden | Episode: "The Eighth Seal" | |
| 1998 | Love Boat: The Next Wave | Gillian Stanfield | Episode: "All That Glitters" |
| 1999 | Melrose Place | Terry O'Brien | Recurring Cast: Season 7 |
| 2000 | Chicken Soup for the Soul | Leann Richards | Episode: "Destiny in a Bottle" |
| 2001 | The Test | Herself/Panelist | Episode: "The Slut Test" |
| 2001–04 | E! True Hollywood Story | Herself | Recurring Guest |
| 2003 | She Spies | Christine Black | Episode: "Date to Mate" |
| 2004 | Getaway | Herself | Episode: "Getaway Goes to Hollywood" |
| 2005 | Biography | Herself | Episode: "David Hasselhoff: Driven" |
| Class of... | Herself | Episode: "1989: Life After Baywatch" | |
| 2007 | Whatever Happened To? | Herself | Episode: "Beach Babes" |
| 2008 | Mad Men | Pauline Phillips | Episode: "Maidenform" |
| 2011 | The Traveler's Guide to Life | Herself | Episode: "Family" & "Winning" |
| 2014 | Alive & Well with Michelle Harris | Herself | Episode: "Look Better, Feel Better" |
| 2020 | Coffee House Chronicles | Amy | Episode: "Good Grief" & "Bad Math" |
| 2021 | TV Therapy | Stephanie | Episode: "Stephanie" |
TV films, miniseries, and specials
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1982 | Paper Dolls | Laurie Caswell | |
| 1984 | Getting Physical | Kendall Gibley | |
| 1988 | Out of the Shadows | Jan Lindsey | |
| 1989 | Perry Mason: The Case of the Lethal Lesson | Amy Hastings | |
| Perry Mason: The Case of the Musical Murder | |||
| Perry Mason: The Case of the All-Star Assassin | |||
| 1990 | Laker Girls | Heidi/Jenny | |
| 1992 | Prey of the Chameleon | Carrie | |
| 1993 | Death Train | Sabrina Carver | |
| 1995 | Piranha | Maggie McNamara | |
| Night Watch | Sabrina Carver | ||
| Mixed Blessings | Beth | ||
| 1996 | Daytona Beach | Annie Gibson | |
| 1997 | Echo | Olivia Jordan | |
| 1999 | Arthur's Quest | Caitlin Regal | |
| 2000 | Green Sails | Laura Taylor | |
| 2001 | Rough Air: Danger on Flight 534 | Flight Attendant Katy Phillips | |
| 2003 | Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding | Allison Ford | |
| 2004 | Saving Emily | Cheryl | |
| 2005 | Landslide | Emma Decker | |
| The Phone Ranger | Short | ||
| A Lover's Revenge | Liz Manners | ||
| 2006 | Disaster Zone: Volcano in New York | Dr. Susan Foxley | |
| Love Thy Neighbor | Laura Benson | ||
| Gospel of Deceit | Emily | ||
| A.I. Assault | Marlon Adams | ||
| Trapped! | Samantha Reed | ||
| 2007 | Demons from Her Past | Allison Buchanan | |
| 2009 | A Sister's Secret | Katherine | |
| 2011 | Betrayed at 17 | Michelle Ross | |
| Christmas Spirit | Winnie | ||
| 2012 | Love at the Christmas Table | Eve Reed | |
| 2014 | Firequake | Dr. Eve Carter | |
| 2016 | Sharknado: The 4th Awakens | Stephanie Holden | |
| 2017 | Born and Missing | Detective Breuer | |
| 2020 | Escaping My Stalker | Sandy |
References
- ^ "Alexandra Paul Biography". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Alexandra Paul". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Baywatch Nights' model keeps a lookout for not-so-wholesome role". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
- ^ "Interview: Actress Alexandra Paul". Movie Geeks United. June 19, 2012. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
- ^ Morales, Tito (February 23, 2005). "Exclusive: Actress Alexandra Paul Conquers the Bonaire Ecoswim". Swimming World Magazine. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
- ^ Wagner, Joyce (April 19, 1993). "Brother Behind Bars". People. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
- ^ "When Your Twin is a Famous 'Baywatch' Star, and You're Not". April 15, 2016. Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
- ^ Paul, Caroline (May 24, 2007). "My brother, the 'terrorist'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 24, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ a b Hal Erickson (2015). "Biography: Alexandra Paul". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
- ^ Paul, Alexandra (September 8, 2002). "Baywatch Diaries – Day 4". Alexandra Paul Official Website. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
I have never been in a two piece bathing suit on Baywatch, because I have a scar that goes from my sternum down to my belly button, and two smaller scars where the drainage tubes came out. This was from two big surgeries I had when I was 16 and 18 (1979 and 1981), when there was no such thing as laparascopies...I had had a cyst in my bile duct and the first surgery took 12 hours, so my scar was pretty noticeable.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d Meehan, Ryan (April 22, 2015). "10 Questions with Alexandra Paul". First Order Historians. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
- ^ "CHRISTINE Revisited, Part Two: A Q&A with Alexandra Paul Archived March 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, fangoria.com; accessed July 29, 2015.
- ^ "Alexandra Paul Hosts Female Extreme Sports Series Premiering April 19". AMC Networks. April 15, 2003. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
- ^ "About EarthTalk Today TV". EarthTalk Today. Archived from the original on November 14, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
- ^ a b "'Baywatch' Cast Then & Now". xfinity.com. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
- ^ "There Was Just a "Baywatch" Reunion -- Which Lifeguards Will Star In "Sharknado 4"?". Too Fab. March 15, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
- ^ "6th Annual Indie Series Awards: Complete List of Winners". Indie Series Awards. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
- ^ "Drive Electric". Plugin America. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
- ^ "Podcast - Switch4Good". switch4good.org. January 22, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2024.
- ^ "Mercy for Animals' 25th Anniversary Digital Award Winners".
- ^ Inman, Jessica (July 10, 2024). "Carmen Electra, Alexandra Paul to appear in After Baywatch docuseries". United Press International. Retrieved March 19, 2026.
- ^ "18th National Arts & Entertainment Journalism Awards Winners" (PDF). Los Angeles Press Club. Retrieved March 19, 2026.
- ^ Staff (November 20, 2014). "We Catch Up With Former 'Baywatch' Star Alexandra Paul!". Life & Style. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
- ^ Bigold, Pad. "Ironman full of drama at the finish line". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- ^ "boston marathon | The Official Alexandra Paul Website". alexandrapaul.com. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
- ^ "Exclusive: Actress Alexandra Paul Conquers the Bonaire Ecoswim – Swimming World News". Swimming World News. February 23, 2005. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
- ^ "Ultra-Distance Swims With Alexandra Paul". Inside Sport. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- ^ "36th Annual Swim Around Key West 2012". southernmostrunners.com. June 23, 2012. Archived from the original on July 3, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ "What I did today for 7 hours straight". alexandrapaul.com. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
- ^ "The Baywatch Actress Alexandra Paul Turns Health & Wellness Coach! - Women Fitness". Women Fitness. September 19, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
- ^ "Alexandra Paul: Health, Wellness & Fitness Coaching in Los Angeles". Alexandra Paul Wellness Coaching. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
- ^ Paul, Alexandra (March 26, 2025). "Stalked: A 'Baywatch' Star's 13-Year Nightmare". The Ankler. Retrieved August 3, 2025.
- ^ Sladek, Daniel (November 1, 2016). "Young Artists United at 30: A Look Back (Guest Column)". Variety. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ Caps 2.0. "A Talk with Alexandra Paul". Retrojunk. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Photo, alexandrapaul.com; accessed April 30, 2016.
- ^ Profile, alexandrapaul.com; accessed July 29, 2015.
- ^ PBS, NOW- (2006). "NOW – Who Killed the Electric Car?". pbs.org. Archived from the original on June 15, 2006.
- ^ Paul, Caroline (May 24, 2007). "My brother, the 'terrorist'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
- ^ Lockhart, Brian. "70% of donors to Lamont's campaign are from out of state". The Advocate. Archived from the original on July 19, 2006. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ^ Lechaux & Roussel 2010, pp. 136–39.
- ^ "How to do More for Others: Become a Food Not Bombs Volunteer – Switch4Good". April 6, 2020.
- ^ 2014 Vegan of the Year, alexandrapaul.com; accessed July 29, 2015.
- ^ "Hollywood Actress, Alexandra Paul, to Train Actors in Sierra Leone". Population Media. February 21, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
- ^ "How a Baywatch Star Saved Miley from Becoming Meat". Direct Action Everywhere. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
- ^ Velez-Mitchell, Jane (October 23, 2017). "22 Animal Activists Arrested in Open Rescue at Slaughterhouse!". janeunchained.com. Archived from the original on April 8, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ "39 Arrested Protesting Industrial Farm Supplying So-Called "Cage-Free" Eggs to Amazon & Whole Foods". Democracy Now!. May 30, 2018. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2021 – via Youtube.
- ^ "Hundreds of Animal Rights Activists Descend on Slaughterhouse, Locking Necks to Slaughter Line". indybay.org. June 3, 2019. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ "Animal rights activists cited for attempted pig rescue at Farmer John plant". Fox11 Los Angeles. September 26, 2020. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ Bolotnikova, Marina (March 21, 2023). "The fight against factory farming is winning criminal trials". Vox. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ Iftikhar, Asyia. "Baywatch icon Alexandra Paul arrested after she'd freed beagles from lab breeders". www.msn.com. Retrieved March 17, 2026.
- ^ Clark, Quinn. "Baywatch actress Alexandra Paul arrested in Wisconsin beagle farm break-in". Journal Sentinel. Retrieved March 17, 2026.
Bibliography
- Lechaux, Bleuwenn & Violane Roussel (2010). Voicing Dissent: American Artists and the War on Iraq. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-80058-7.