Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak
Abd Allah Ibn al-Mubarak | |
|---|---|
عَبْد اللَّه ٱبْن الْمُبَارَك | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | c. 726 |
| Died | 797 (aged 70–71) |
| Era | Islamic Golden Age |
| Region | Caliphate |
| Notable work(s) | Kitab al-Zuhd wa al-Raqaiq |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Jurisprudence | Mujtahid/Hanafi[1][2] |
| Teachers | |
Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak (Arabic: عَبْد اللَّه ٱبْن الْمُبَارَك, romanized: ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak; c. 726–797) was an 8th-century traditionalist[3] Sunni Muslim scholar and Hanafi jurist.[4] Known by the title Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith, he is considered a pious Muslim known for his memory and zeal for knowledge who was a muhaddith and was remembered for his asceticism.[5][6]
Biography
His father, named Mubarak, was of Indian[7] or Turkic descent from Khurasan and became a Mawla or "client" of an Arab trader from the tribe of Banī Hanẓala in the city of Hamadhān. His mother was said to have been from Khwārizm.[8] Mubarak later married Hind, a trader's daughter.[8] Ibn al-Mubarak was born during the reign of Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.
It is said that ʿAbdullāh left his hometown of Merv, and while living in Hamadhān, went on to visit and speak often in Baghdad. Ahmad ibn Hanbal commented that there was no one more eager to travel to seek knowledge than Abdullah ibn Mubarak. His teachers included Sufyān al-Thawrī and Abū Hanīfa. He wrote Kitāb al-Jihād, a collection of hadīth and sayings of the early Muslims on war, and Kitāb al-Zuhd wa al-Rāqa’iq, a book on asceticism. Ibn al-Mubarak is also one of the leading poets of his era. His poems are rather about zuhd, jihad, and the life of the religious elders.[9] He was also known for defending Islamic borders (see ribat) on the frontiers of Tarsus and al-Massisah. He was born at Marw in the year 118 (A.D. 736).[10] He died in 797 at Hīt, near the Euphrates, during the reign of Harun al-Rashid. He studied jurisprudence under Sufyān al-Thawrī, and Malak Ibn Anas from whom he learned by heart the Muwatta, and then taught it to others.[10] He was the first scholar to give the hadiths in the Khorasan region, where many great scholars grew up, especially in Merv, is one of the reasons that increase the fame of Ibn al-Mubarak.[9]
Works
Described as a prolific writer,[11] his works, most are now lost, include:
- Kitab al-Arba'een – كتاب اﻷرﺑﻌﻴﻦ
- Kitab al-Jihad – كتاب الجهاد
- Kitab al-Isti'dhan – كتاب الإستئذان
- Kitab al-Birr & al-Silah – كتاب البر والصلة (Book on the virtues of piety, etiquettes and keeping ties)
- Kitab al-Tarikh – كتاب اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ (Book on History)
- Kitab al-Daqa'iq fi al-Raqa'iq – كتاب الدﻗﺎﺋﻖ في اﻟﺮﻗﺎﺋﻖ (Book on the heart-softeners)
- Kitab Riqa' al-Fatawa – كتاب رقاع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى (Book on Islamic verdicts)
- Kitab al-Zuhd wa al-Raqaiq – كتاب اﻟﺰهﺪ واﻟﺮﻗﺎﻖ
- Kitab al-Sunan fil-Fiqh – آﺘبﺎ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ
- Kitab al-Musnad – كتاب المسند
- Kitab Tafsir al-Qur'an – كتاب تفسير القرآن
References
- ^ Robert Gleave; István Kristó-Nagy, eds. (2015). Violence in Islamic Thought from the Qur'an to the Mongols. Edinburgh University Press. p. 50. ISBN 9780748694242.
Hanafi literature, of course, celebrates Ibn al-Mubārak's admiration for, and dependence on, Abū Hanīfa – for example, our earliest extant biographical dictionary of Abū Hanīfa and the Hanafi school includes Ibn al-Mubārak among nine members of the generation of Abū Hanīfa's immediate disciples.
- ^ Feryal Salem (2016). The Emergence of Early Sufi Piety and Sunnī Scholasticism: ʿAbdallāh b. al-Mubārak and the Formation of Sunnī Identity in the Second Islamic Century. Vol. 125 of Islamic History and Civilization. Brill. p. 23. ISBN 9789004314481.
Ibn al-Mubarak may in fact have been a follower of Abū Hanifa's school of law; at the least, his legal reasoning was heavily influenced by Hanafi methodology.
- ^ Melchert, Christopher (1997). "Chapter 1: The Traditionalists of Iraq". The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. pp. 5–6. ISBN 90-04-10952-8.
- ^ Melchert, Christopher (1997). "Chapter 1: The Traditionalists of Iraq". The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. pp. 5–6. ISBN 90-04-10952-8.
- ^ Abu Nu'aym. Ḥilyat al-Awliyā'. p. v. 11 p. 389.
- ^ Ibn Hajr, Tahdhib al-Tahdhib (5/386).
- ^ al-Mubärakpürī, Abü al-Maʻälī Aṭhar (1958). Rijäl al-Sind wa-al-Hind (in Arabic). search.worldcat.org. p. 290. OCLC 23490555.
- ^ a b Abu Nu'aym. Ḥilyat al-Awliyā'. p. v. 11 p. 390.
- ^ a b KÜÇÜK, RAŞİT. "ABDULLAH b. MÜBÂREK". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2026-03-01.
- ^ a b Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary Translated from the Arabic by Bn. Mac Guckin De Slane Paris Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1843. National Library of Naples. 1843.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Alexander Knysh, Islamic Mysticism: A Short History, Brill (2015), p. 21